Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication Proteins MCM5 and MCM7 in Plants

Shultz, Randall W.; Lee, Tae-Jin; Allen, George C.; Thompson, William F.; Hanley‐Bowdoin, Linda

doi:10.1104/pp.109.136614

Cited by 58 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…E2F target genes are involved in cell cycle regulation, transcription, chromatin dynamics, defense responses, signaling, and DNA replication (Ramirez-Parra et al, 2003;Vandepoele et al, 2005). Also, many key regulators of DNA licensing and initiation of DNA replication, such as origin recognition complex subunits (Diaz-Trivino et al, 2005), members of the prereplication complexes, cell division control proteins (Castellano et al, 2001;Vandepoele et al, 2005) and minichromosome maintenance proteins Vandepoele et al, 2005;Shultz et al, 2009), genes involved in DNA replication and DNA synthesis, such as the DNA polymerase processivity factor PCNA (Chabouté et al, 2000;Egelkrout et al, 2002), ribonucleotide reductase subunits RNRs (Chabouté et al, 2000(Chabouté et al, , 2002, replication factors, and DNA polymerases (Vandepoele et al, 2005), contain E2F-binding sites in their promoters.…”

Section: Regulation Of S-phase Initiation and Progression In Shr And Scrmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW Regulate Leaf Growth in Arabidopsis by Stimulating S-Phase Progression of the Cell Cycle

Dhondt

Coppens²,

Winter³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

105

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SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are required for stem cell maintenance in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root meristem, ensuring its indeterminate growth. Mutation of SHR and SCR genes results in disorganization of the quiescent center and loss of stem cell activity, resulting in the cessation of root growth. This paper reports on the role of SHR and SCR in the development of leaves, which, in contrast to the root, have a determinate growth pattern and lack a persistent stem cell niche. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of leaf growth in shr and scr mutants is not a secondary effect of the compromised root development but is caused by an effect on cell division in the leaves: a reduced cell division rate and early exit of the proliferation phase. Consistent with the observed cell division phenotype, the expression of SHR and SCR genes in leaves is closely associated with cell division activity in most cell types. The increased cell cycle duration is due to a prolonged S-phase duration, which is mediated by up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitors known to restrain the activity of the transcription factor, E2Fa. Therefore, we conclude that, in contrast to their specific roles in cortex/endodermis differentiation and stem cell maintenance in the root, SHR and SCR primarily function as general regulators of cell proliferation in leaves.Stem cells are undifferentiated, totipotent cells that are able to duplicate themselves and to form offspring that differentiates into multiple cell types. They are situated in a microenvironment, the stem cell niche, where extracellular signals maintain stem cell division at low rates and prevent differentiation (Ohlstein et al., 2004;Li and Xie, 2005). In plants, the best studied stem cell niches are within the root and shoot apical meristems. There, stem cells produce somatic daughter cells that go on dividing and expanding, thereby forming the postembryonic tissues and organs that make up the body of the plant. It is the balance between stem cell maintenance within the meristem and differentiation of cells that exit the niche that facilitates indeterminate root and shoot growth.SHORT-ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) are members of the GRAS family of transcription factors (Pysh et al., 1999;Lee et al., 2008), required for stem cell maintenance in the root apical meristem. Mutation of SHR and SCR genes causes a disorganization of the quiescent center (QC) and loss of stem cell activity, resulting in the depletion of proliferating cells in the root meristem and, consequently, cessation of root growth. Essentially, loss of SHR/SCR function renders root growth determinate. Furthermore, shr and scr mutants lack longitudinal cell divisions that separate the cortex/endodermis initial daughter cells, resulting in only one ground tissue cell layer (Benfey et al

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Section: Regulation Of S-phase Initiation and Progression In Shr And Scrmentioning

confidence: 99%

SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW Regulate Leaf Growth in Arabidopsis by Stimulating S-Phase Progression of the Cell Cycle

Dhondt

Coppens²,

Winter³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The oligonucleotides used for qPCR analysis of RbcSA1, PsbS, CHS, and AOS expression were 5#-AATTTCCGGACTTAACGTTTGTTT-3# and 5#-CATCAGACAGTTGAGAATCCGATAGA-3#, 5#-CGGCAAAAACG-TCCGATCCTG-3# and 5#-GTGAACCCAAACAATGGACCTTG-3#, 5#-TCGG-ACCAGGTCTCACTGTTG-3# and 5#-AGGCAAGCGTTCTGTTTAGAGAG-3#, and 5#-GGAGAACTCACGATGGGAGCGATT-3# and 5#-GCGTCGTGGCTTT-CGATAACCAGA-3#, respectively. The oligonucleotides used for qPCR analysis of AAA, BAP1, CCA1, CDKB2.2, FER1, Lhcb1.4, LOX2, MCM5, NodL, PRR5, and ZAT12 expression were described previously (Mockler et al, 2004;Li et al, 2006;Baruah et al, 2009aBaruah et al, , 2009bShultz et al, 2009;Rodríguez et al, 2010;Adhikari et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011b). We calculated relative mRNA levels using the comparative cycle threshold method (Pfaffl, 2001) or the relative standard curve method according to the manufacturer's recommendations (Applied Biosystems).…”

Section: Analysis Of Gene Expression By Qrt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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We previously provided evidence that plastid signaling regulates the downstream components of a light signaling network and that this signal integration coordinates chloroplast biogenesis with both the light environment and development by regulating gene expression. We tested these ideas by analyzing light-and plastid-regulated transcriptomes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that the enrichment of Gene Ontology terms in these transcriptomes is consistent with the integration of light and plastid signaling (1) down-regulating photosynthesis and inducing both repair and stress tolerance in dysfunctional chloroplasts and (2) helping coordinate processes such as growth, the circadian rhythm, and stress responses with the degree of chloroplast function. We then tested whether factors that contribute to this signal integration are also regulated by light and plastid signals by characterizing T-DNA insertion alleles of genes that are regulated by light and plastid signaling and that encode proteins that are annotated as contributing to signaling, transcription, or no known function. We found that a high proportion of these mutant alleles induce chloroplast biogenesis during deetiolation. We quantified the expression of four photosynthesis-related genes in seven of these enhanced deetiolation (end) mutants and found that photosynthesis-related gene expression is attenuated. This attenuation is particularly striking for Photosystem II subunit S expression. We conclude that the integration of light and plastid signaling regulates a number of END genes that help optimize chloroplast function and that at least some END genes affect photosynthesis-related gene expression.

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“…Of these genes, MCM2-6 belongs to the MCM family of proteins. The MCM complex of plants remains in the nucleus throughout most of the cell cycle, becoming dispersed only in mitotic cells [22]. Also, MCM3 and MCM6 are known to be essential for both vegetative and reproductive growth, and development, in plants [23,24].…”

Section: Five Mini-chromosome Maintenance (Mcm) Protein Genes and Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Differences between High-Growth Populus Allotriploids and Their Diploid Parents

Cheng

Zhu

Liao

et al. 2015

Forests

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Polyploid breeding is important in Populus genetic improvement programs because polyploid trees generally display increased height growth compared to their diploid parents. However, the genetic mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. In the present study, apical bud transcriptomes of vigorous, fast growing Populus allotriploid progeny genotypes and their diploid parents were sequenced and analyzed. We found that these allotriploids exhibited extensive transcriptomic diversity. In total, 6020 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found when the allotriploid progeny and their parents were compared, among which 791 overlapped between the allotriploids and both parents. Many genes associated with cell differentiation and meristem development were preferentially expressed in apical buds of the fast growing Populus allotriploids compared to their diploid parents. In addition, many auxin-, gibberellin-, and jasmonic acid-related genes were also preferentially expressed in the allotriploids compared to their OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 6 840 parents. Our findings show that allotriploidy can have considerable effects on duplicate gene expression in Populus. In particular we identified and considered DEGs that provide important clues for improving our mechanistic understanding of positive heterosis of vigor-and growth-related traits in Populus allotriploids.

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Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication Proteins MCM5 and MCM7 in Plants

Cited by 58 publications

References 94 publications

SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW Regulate Leaf Growth in Arabidopsis by Stimulating S-Phase Progression of the Cell Cycle

SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW Regulate Leaf Growth in Arabidopsis by Stimulating S-Phase Progression of the Cell Cycle

Plastids Are Major Regulators of Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

Gene Expression Differences between High-Growth Populus Allotriploids and Their Diploid Parents

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