Dynamic linkages between tourism, economic growth, trade, energy demand and carbon emission: evidence from EU

Nwaeze, Nnamdi Chinwendu; Okere, Kingsley Ikechukwu; Ogbodo, Izuchukwu; Muoneke, Obumneke Bob; Ngini, Ifeoma Nwakaego Sandra; Ani, Samuel Uchezuike

doi:10.1186/s43093-023-00193-5

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The expansion of international trade resulting from globalization increases environmental degradation. The nexus between trade openness and CO 2 emissions has been discussed widely by many researchers (e.g., Steinberger et al, 2012;Li et al, 2020;Alavijeh et al, 2023;Nwaeze et al, 2023;Omri and Saadaoui, 2023;Wang et al, 2023). However, findings are not consistent across all studies regarding the relationship between trade openness and CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

The impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

Aldegheishem

2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The global economy has reported an unprecedented increase in growth rates over the last 2 decades, due to rapid evolution in transportation and communications. The rapid growth of international trade has increased the demand for fossil fuel, leading to exacerbated environmental risks. Air transportation is an essential operational practice in trade openness and has many economic benefits. However, its effect on CO2 emissions is not well understood. Studies on the causal relationships between air transportation, trade openness, economic growth, and CO2 emissions are lacking, especially across Middle Eastern countries. This study targets Saudi Arabia, one of the largest countries in the Middle East region in terms of economic capabilities and geographical area, to investigate the impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions. To this end, data was derived from the World Development Indicators (WDI) established by the World Bank for the period 1991–2023. An autoregressive, distributed lag autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to analyze associations among the study variables; the empirical findings confirm that air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth have positive and statistically significant effects on CO2 emissions in both long- and short-run scenarios. However, the results illustrate that economic growth alone is unable to sufficiently reduce CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia, indicating a lack of connection between economic policies and environmental goals. Thus, these results indicate that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not valid for Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study provides useful insights for policymakers to mitigate CO2 emissions. Suggestions include attracting foreign investment, modifying the structure of trade, mitigating the reliance on imports and enhancing exports, while focusing on green strategies for economic growth, replacing fossil fuels with clean and renewable sources, subsidizing environmentally friendly technologies, and enacting decarbonizing regulations.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

The impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

Aldegheishem

2024

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In support of the Green Deal goals, the most important organizations in the tourism industry have adopted plans to halve carbon emissions by 2030 [57], known as the 2030 Agenda [58]. According to the study conducted by [59] for the period 1995-2018, in countries such as Denmark, Iceland, Norway, France, Greece, Poland, Finland, Germany, Sweden, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, carbon emissions were found to affect energy consumption in both the short and long term. According to the Romanian Government's Strategy for the Development of Tourism, among the most important objectives concerning the sustainable development of tourism are recycling, reusing, and energy efficiency, but also the protection of drinking water sources, the preservation of the original natural environment, and, last but not least, the digitalization of the processes related to tourism [56,60].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Green Marketing in the Development of a Sustainable Destination through Advanced Clustering Methods

Gheorghe,

Tudorache,

Roşca

2023

Sustainability

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Against the backdrop of increasing concern for the environment, tourism activities have had a mixed impact. For example, in the field of marketing communications, the last few years have seen many companies promoting “green” tourism. In this context, this article aims to identify the group(s) focused on green tourism or sustainable development in order to predict their future trends. To achieve this objective, quantitative research was conducted based on an online survey distributed through social media. Several objectives were considered in the research, focusing on the behavior of the respondents, the decisive elements in choosing a destination, the analysis of socio-demographic characteristics, and the identification of groups oriented to the practice of green tourism. Univariate analysis was applied to the collected data (to identify the most appropriate variables for clustering) and multivariate analysis (using three types of methods: Ward, Centroid, and Two-Step Cluster). The following results emerged from the research analysis: characteristics of each segment in relation to question nine and profiles of all segments, of which the most representative (two, five, and six) stand out. The segments extracted with Ward’s method were created by the authors to highlight the most important characteristics: Smilers, Ecologists, Villagers, Relaxed, Luxury, Ecotourists, and Jobless. The research results contribute to a deeper understanding of Romanian customers’ needs when choosing a green destination, but also support the business community by providing economic actors with access to data to segment their solutions and services offered to customers, as well as the possibility to develop tailored products/services. The study represents a new approach to tourism and ‘green marketing’ in Romania by being the only one that shows to interested parties the seven specific consumer segments for the green tourism market in Romania, one that approaches the two fields in close connection. The results represent a significant theoretical advance for travel and tourism studies and provide valuable insights into the green tourism sector.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Dynamic linkages between tourism, economic growth, trade, energy demand and carbon emission: evidence from EU

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

The impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

The impact of air transportation, trade openness, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

The Contribution of Green Marketing in the Development of a Sustainable Destination through Advanced Clustering Methods

Table1.XLS

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