Dynamic interactions between transposable elements and their hosts

Levin, Henry L.; Moran, John V.

doi:10.1038/nrg3030

Cited by 517 publications

(544 citation statements)

References 192 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

525

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2 of [189]). The Ty1-Ty3 elements are all targeted to insert upstream of transcription start sites, which prevents them from disrupting important coding sequence data.…”

Section: Targeting Of Nge and Mobile Elementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

How life changes itself: The Read–Write (RW) genome

Shapiro

2013

Physics of Life Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The genome has traditionally been treated as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) subject to change by copying errors and accidents. In this review, I propose that we need to change that perspective and understand the genome as an intricately formatted Read-Write (RW) data storage system constantly subject to cellular modifications and inscriptions. Cells operate under changing conditions and are continually modifying themselves by genome inscriptions. These inscriptions occur over three distinct time-scales (cell reproduction, multicellular development and evolutionary change) and involve a variety of different processes at each time scale (forming nucleoprotein complexes, epigenetic formatting and changes in DNA sequence structure). Research dating back to the 1930s has shown that genetic change is the result of cell-mediated processes, not simply accidents or damage to the DNA. This cell-active view of genome change applies to all scales of DNA sequence variation, from point mutations to large-scale genome rearrangements and whole genome duplications (WGDs). This conceptual change to active cell inscriptions controlling RW genome functions has profound implications for all areas of the life sciences.

show abstract

“…2 of [189]). The Ty1-Ty3 elements are all targeted to insert upstream of transcription start sites, which prevents them from disrupting important coding sequence data.…”

Section: Targeting Of Nge and Mobile Elementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

How life changes itself: The Read–Write (RW) genome

Shapiro

2013

Physics of Life Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since accumulation of DNA damage is known to cause cellular senescence and organismal aging (Best, 2009), activation of TEs could contribute to organismal aging. Although TE activation during development has also been implicated as important for proper development of the nervous system (Reilly et al ., 2013), in most settings TEs are repressed by the heterochromatin state to prevent uncontrolled transposition (Levin & Moran, 2011; Wood & Helfand, 2013). Therefore, in addition to de‐repression of genes, the age‐associated heterochromatin loss could also cause an increased expression of TEs, which would in turn contribute to age‐associated cell and organ defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐associated de‐repression of retrotransposons in the Drosophila fat body, its potential cause and consequence

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryEukaryotic genomes contain transposable elements (TE) that can move into new locations upon activation. Since uncontrolled transposition of TEs, including the retrotransposons and DNA transposons, can lead to DNA breaks and genomic instability, multiple mechanisms, including heterochromatin‐mediated repression, have evolved to repress TE activation. Studies in model organisms have shown that TEs become activated upon aging as a result of age‐associated deregulation of heterochromatin. Considering that different organisms or cell types may undergo distinct heterochromatin changes upon aging, it is important to identify pathways that lead to TE activation in specific tissues and cell types. Through deep sequencing of isolated RNAs, we report an increased expression of many retrotransposons in the old Drosophila fat body, an organ equivalent to the mammalian liver and adipose tissue. This de‐repression correlates with an increased number of DNA damage foci and decreased level of Drosophila lamin‐B in the old fat body cells. Depletion of the Drosophila lamin‐B in the young or larval fat body results in a reduction of heterochromatin and a corresponding increase in retrotransposon expression and DNA damage. Further manipulations of lamin‐B and retrotransposon expression suggest a role of the nuclear lamina in maintaining the genome integrity of the Drosophila fat body by repressing retrotransposons.

show abstract

“…Instead, as proposed for HGT and HTT in bacteria (1,25,26), compatibility between TEs and recipient host cells may decrease as genetic distance from source lineages increases. Transposition is known to involve a number of interactions between TEs and host cellular factors (e.g., transcription factors and chromatin), which, depending on the type of TE, may be limited or very intricate (27)(28)(29)(30). For example, some DNA transposons from the Tc1-Mariner superfamily only require their transposase to transpose in vitro (27).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Massive horizontal transfer of transposable elements in insects

Peccoud

Loiseau

Cordaux

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

198

236

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Horizontal transfer (HT) of genetic material is central to the architecture and evolution of prokaryote genomes. Within eukaryotes, the majority of HTs reported so far are transfers of transposable elements (TEs). These reports essentially come from studies focusing on specific lineages or types of TEs. Because of the lack of large-scale survey, the amount and impact of HT of TEs (HTT) in eukaryote evolution, as well as the trends and factors shaping these transfers, are poorly known. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of HTT in 195 insect genomes, representing 123 genera and 13 of the 28 insect orders. We found that these insects were involved in at least 2,248 HTT events that essentially occurred during the last 10 My. We show that DNA transposons transfer horizontally more often than retrotransposons, and unveil phylogenetic relatedness and geographical proximity as major factors facilitating HTT in insects. Even though our study is restricted to a small fraction of insect biodiversity and to a recent evolutionary timeframe, the TEs we found to be horizontally transferred generated up to 24% (2.08% on average) of all nucleotides of insect genomes. Together, our results establish HTT as a major force shaping insect genome evolution.horizontal transfer | transposable elements | insects | genome evolution | biogeography H orizontal transfer (HT) is the transmission of genetic material between organisms through a mechanism other than reproduction. In prokaryotes, HT is pervasive, its mechanisms are well understood, and it is now viewed as one of the main forces shaping genome architecture and evolution (1, 2). In contrast, the study of HT in eukaryotes is less documented, but has been increasingly investigated. The majority of genes horizontally acquired by eukaryotes come from bacteria, but the extent to which these transfers have contributed to eukaryote evolution is still unclear (3, 4). Gene transfers from eukaryote to eukaryote appear to be largely limited to filamentous organisms, such as oomycetes and fungi (5, 6).In animals and plants, very few cases of such horizontal gene transfers (HGTs) have been reported so far (7,8). In fact, most of the genetic material that is horizontally transferred in animals and plants consists of transposable elements (TEs) (9-11), which are pieces of DNA able to move from a chromosomal locus to another (12). The greater ability of TEs to move between organisms certainly relates to their intrinsic ability to transpose within genomes, which genes cannot do. HT of TEs (HTT) may allow these elements to enter naive genomes, which they invade by making copies of themselves, and then escape before they become fully silenced by anti-TE defenses (13). A growing number of studies have identified such HTT (11,[14][15][16]. However, a common drawback of these studies has been the inclusion of a limited set of TEs (11) or organisms (16), which hampers our understanding of the breadth of HTT, its contribution to genome evolution, and of the factors and barriers shaping these transfe...

show abstract

Dynamic interactions between transposable elements and their hosts

Cited by 517 publications

References 192 publications

How life changes itself: The Read–Write (RW) genome

How life changes itself: The Read–Write (RW) genome

Age‐associated de‐repression of retrotransposons in the Drosophila fat body, its potential cause and consequence

Massive horizontal transfer of transposable elements in insects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About