Dynamic Inter-Operator Spectrum Sharing via Lyapunov Optimization

Abstract

The problem of spectrum sharing between two operators in a dynamic network is considered. We allow both operators to share (a fraction of) their licensed spectrum band with each other by forming a common spectrum band. The objective is to maximize the gain in profits of both operators by sharing their licensed spectrum bands rather than using them exclusively, while considering the fairness among the operators. This is modeled as a two-person bargaining problem, and cast as a stochastic optimization. To solve this problem, we propose centralized and distributed dynamic control algorithms. At each time slot, the proposed algorithms perform the following tasks: 1) determine spectrum price for the operators; 2) make flow control decisions of users data; and 3) jointly allocate spectrum band to the operators and design transmit beamformers, which is known as resource allocation (RA). Since the RA problem is NP-hard, we have to rely on sequential convex programming to approximate its solution. To derive the distributed algorithm, we use alternating direction method of multipliers for solving the RA problem. Numerically, we show that the proposed distributed algorithm achieves almost the same performance as the centralized one. Furthermore, the results show that there is a trade-off between the achieved profits of the operators and the network congestion.Index Terms-Co-primary spectrum sharing, dynamic control, network utility maximization, stochastic optimization, Lyapunov drift, bargaining problem, fairness, sequential convex programming, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), distributed algorithm.

Inter-operator dynamic spectrum sharing: A stochastic optimization approach

“…The dynamic control algorithm is derived to solve this problem by using the elegant theory of Lyapunov optimization. A detailed description of the solution method is omitted here due to the space limitations but we refer the interested reader to [24] for a detailed derivation.…”

A Comprehensive Survey of Spectrum Sharing Schemes from a Standardization and Implementation Perspective

“…Year Method / Scenario [194] 2018 Stackelberg game model / Spectrum sharing and power allocation [195] 2009 Knapsack problem / Pricing and dynamic spectrum for wireless service providers [196] 2020 Spectrum sharing and related enabling technologies are discussed in relation to the upcoming 6G era. [197] 2017 Lyapunov Optimization / Dynamic Inter-Operator Spectrum Sharing [198] 2018 Stackelberg game model / Pricing for multi beam satellite systems [199] 2020 Spectrum Sharing in 5G-VANET / Stackelberg Pricing Game matches demand [201].…”

Licensed Countrywide Full-Spectrum Allocation: A New Paradigm for Millimeter-Wave Mobile Systems in 5G/6G Era

“…However, in spectrum reusing, the same spectrum of an MNO can be reused to its BSs in space subject to satisfying a minimum co-channel interference (CCI) constraint. In this point, in [32], the authors have proposed an analytical model to reuse the microwave spectrum in [32] and the 28 GHz mmWave spectrum in [33] in a 3D building of SBSs. In [34], the authors have investigated a number of fractional frequency reuse (FFR) schemes, whereas, in [35], the authors have proposed dynamic fractional frequency reuse (DFFR) method for reducing the inter-cell interference automatically.…”