Dynamic Hypoxia in Scar Tissue During Human Hypertrophic Scar Progression

Zheng, JieXing; Song, Fei; Lu, Shuliang; Wang, Xiqiao

doi:10.1111/dsu.12474

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The size of the vascular network (VAR and MVD) found in our study in healthy skin is consistent with values found in previous studies [34,35]. VAR and MVD start to expand significantly 24 h after LTB 4 challenge and continue to expand during the remaining experiment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Response of the Endothelium to the Epicutaneous Application of Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>

Hanssen

Hendriks²,

Keijsers³

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: Vascular changes, both endothelial and functional, are crucial events in inflammatory responses. Objectives: To investigate the dynamics of endothelial cell (EC) and functional changes during acute inflammation in an in vivo model of the skin using leukotriene B₄. Methods: EC proliferation, vascular network size, vessel diameter (VD), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α were studied by immunohistochemical CD31/Ki67 double staining and single staining of HIF-1α. Cutaneous perfusion (CP) was assessed using the Twente Optical Perfusion Camera. Results: The initial phase illustrated an increase in VD, Ki67+ EC, and HIF-1α expression and late-phase vascular expansion. The HIF-1α and Ki67+ EC expression was limited. CP and VD were augmented after 24 h. Conclusion: The early phase of inflammation is characterized by EC proliferation and HIF-1α expression. Vascular expansion continues over time. CP and VD are seen in both phases of inflammation. Angiogenesis, vascular network formation, and perfusion are time-dependent processes which are mutually related during inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Response of the Endothelium to the Epicutaneous Application of Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>

Hanssen

Hendriks²,

Keijsers³

et al. 2017

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…MMP16 is part of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) gene family that is directly relevant to fibrosis [23]. Previous reports demonstrated that severe hypoxia existed in regressive scars, and oxygen levels return to normal in mature scars, findings that are consistent with dynamic changes in microvessel density [5]. Our results revealed that lncRNA8975-1 and AC097662.2 expression were decreased, whereas RP11-586K2.1 expression was increased during regression from a regressive scar to mature scar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hematoxylin & eosin staining was performed as previously described [5]. Briefly, tissue samples were fixed for 2 hours in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), stored overnight in 10% formalin, and paraffin-embedded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the etiology and mechanism of abnormal scar formation are still poorly understood. In terms of their clinical appearance and duration, hypertrophic scars are classified as early (1 to 2 months), proliferative (3 to 6 months), regressive (approximately 2 years), and mature (at least 4 years) during wound healing [5]. This classification is helpful in revealing the biological changes and mechanisms underlying scar formation and regression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Expression Profiles of lncRNAs Between Regressive and Mature Scars

Long

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background: Recent studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in human diseases. The function of lncRNAs in abnormal scar pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we examined the lncRNAs expression profiles among regressive and mature scars following caesarean sections. A total of 30,586 lncRNAs and 26,109 mRNAs were analyzed by microarrays (Human LncRNA Array v3.0, Arraystar, Inc.). Results: In total, we identified 1,871 lncRNAs and 817 mRNAs with differential expression between regressive and mature scar individuals (fold change≥3, p≤0.001). A set of differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts, in particular, lncRNA8975-1, AC097662.2 and RP11-586K2.1, were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed that compared to mature scars, many processes over-represented in regressive scars are related to the immune system. Conclusion: Our results show significantly altered expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs between regressive and mature scars. These transcripts are potential molecular targets for inhibiting abnormal scar formation following caesarean sections.

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“…22 In the hypoxic state, HIF-1 enters the nucleus, binds to the hypoxia responding elements, and regulates the transcription and expression of its downstream factors such as VEGF. There also exists a synergism between these cytokines.…”

Section: Relationship Between Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

病理性瘢痕血供及组织缺氧的研究进展

李梓菲¹,

Li²,

刘清亮³

et al. 2017

cmsj

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Blood supply is believed to be an important aspect in the development of pathological scars. However, there are controversies about vascular distribution, vascular structure and blood flow in pathological scars. Additionally, hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in the vascularization of pathological scar tissues, and hypoxic conditions can be reflected by metabolic indexes and some cytokines. Furthermore, the correlation between blood supply and tissue hypoxia is controversial. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the characteristics of blood supply and tissue hypoxia in pathological scars, from which we can see pathological scars have unique characteristics of blood supply that are closely associated with tissue hypoxia. Moreover, development in the treatment of pathological scars is herein reviewed.Chin Med Sci J 2017; 32(2):113-118. DOI:10.24920/J1001-9294.2017.014 ATHOLOGICAL scars include hypertrophic scar and keloid. They influence appearance and even cause functional disturbance, and place tremendous physiological and psychological burdens on patients. Therefore, pathological scars have been a challenge in plastic surgery and the focus of research.Blood supply is believed to be an important aspect in the development of pathological scars, and has thus attracted more attentions in recent years. However, there are controversies about blood supply in pathological scars.Hereby we summarized the advances of research on the blood supply in pathological scars, and explored future research directions. The vascular structure of pathological scars has different manifestations between hypertrophic scars and keloids. In terms of spatial vascular structure, blood vessels within hypertrophic scar tissues have a structure perpendicular to the skin surface, whereas those within keloid tissues present a typical dispersed, extended vascular structure. VASCULARITY OF PATHOLOGICAL SCARS 5,6The diameter or patency of the blood vessels of pathological scar remains controversial. Thaís et al used stereological methods to obtain information on pathological scar tissues with a microscope, and proposed that the blood vessels within the pathological scars were dilated compared with those in normal skin and normal scars.

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Dynamic Hypoxia in Scar Tissue During Human Hypertrophic Scar Progression

Abstract: Hypoxia is dynamic in scar tissue and is possibly correlated with scar formation and regression.

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Response of the Endothelium to the Epicutaneous Application of Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>

Response of the Endothelium to the Epicutaneous Application of Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub>

Distinct Expression Profiles of lncRNAs Between Regressive and Mature Scars

病理性瘢痕血供及组织缺氧的研究进展

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