2017
DOI: 10.1002/2016wr019875
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Dynamic hyporheic and riparian flow path geometry through base flow recession in two headwater mountain stream corridors

Abstract: The hydrologic connectivity between streams and their valley bottoms (stream corridor) is a critical determinant of their ecological function. Ecological functions are known to be spatially and temporally variable, but spatial dimensions of the problem are not easily quantified and thus they are usually overlooked. To estimate the spatial patterns of connectivity, and how connectivity varies with changes in discharge, we developed the hyporheic potential model. We used the model to interpret a series of solute… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(56 citation statements)
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“…This area definition does not take into account the predominant mass transport and retention process within the HZ. The results shown here confirm that under dynamic flow conditions, the residence time and the length of hyporheic flow path may not be coupled (e.g., Schmadel et al, ; Ward et al, ). Furthermore, our simulations indicate that after the peak flow‐induced expansion of the HZ area, there is a faster contraction of the hydrodynamically defined HZ; however, biogeochemically defined HZ takes longer time to return back to preevent conditions.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 73%
“…This area definition does not take into account the predominant mass transport and retention process within the HZ. The results shown here confirm that under dynamic flow conditions, the residence time and the length of hyporheic flow path may not be coupled (e.g., Schmadel et al, ; Ward et al, ). Furthermore, our simulations indicate that after the peak flow‐induced expansion of the HZ area, there is a faster contraction of the hydrodynamically defined HZ; however, biogeochemically defined HZ takes longer time to return back to preevent conditions.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 73%
“…Variation in one or both terms will manifest as changing importance of transient storage at the reach scale. In high‐gradient mountain streams, the hydrostatic pressure gradients across pools, steps, and riffles are largely time invariant, leading to functionally time‐invariant Q HEF for changes in discharge (Ward, Schmadel, et al, ; Ward, Schmadel, Wondzell, Gooseff, & Singha, ). Despite a time‐invariant Q HEF , these dynamics still manifest as apparent changes in late‐time tailing because of changes in Q .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In response to seasonal (e.g., snow-melt periods) or individual hydrologic events (e.g., storms), increases in stream discharge and stage are commonly attributed in part to corresponding increases in groundwater inflows to the stream corridor. An increase in stream discharge has been reported to decrease the role of individual features by causing the down-valley hydraulic gradient to become more uniform [Church and Zimmermann, 2007;Dunne and Leopold, 1978;Ward et al, 2016], but the increase in stage may force additional exchange across the streambed [Boano et al, 2013;Hassan et al, 2015;Trauth et al, 2015].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, stream networks in mountainous catchments are characterized by network expansion and contraction due to different hydrologic periods (e.g., seasonal changes) [e.g., Godsey and Kirchner, 2014;Jencso et al, 2010Jencso et al, , 2009. In such confined mountainous valley settings, subsurface down-valley flow can represent a large portion of persistent flow paths [Castro and Hornberger, 1991;Jackman et al, 1984;Ward et al, 2013b], possibly explaining why order-ofmagnitude changes in stream discharge have been shown to have inconsequential impact on hyporheic exchange [e.g., Ward et al, 2014Ward et al, , 2016Ward et al, , 2017. Groundwater inflow driven by mountainous catchment topology (e.g., hillslope inputs as a function of lateral area), however, can cause spatial fragmentation of the hyporheic flow field [Caruso et al, 2016].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%