Dynamic heterogeneity and nanophase separation in rubber-toughened amine-cured highly cross-linked polymer networks

Alam, Todd M.; Ahn, Juhong; Lee, Sang‐Woo; Leguizamon, Samuel C.; Jones, Brad H.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107616

“…Various techniques have been developed to create heterogeneous polymeric materials including polymer blends, − block copolymer self-assembly, − the addition of elastomeric particles and of nanoparticles, − and polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS). ,,− All of these methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, such as the cost and strict processing conditions. However, among them, PIPS offers unique opportunities such as the development of various microstructures, including droplet-like or interpenetrating subdomains, obtained by a simple variation of the chemical composition and/or light intensity used for photopolymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Ductility and Toughness of Photocurable Thermosets with Microstructures Controlled by Phase Separation

Zakrzewski,

Purkaysta,

Bae

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

0

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In this work, photopolymerization-induced phase separation (photo-PIPS) is implemented into a polymer network consisting of both acrylic and epoxy-based chemistries to allow for the development of an acrylic network through photopolymerization and for enhanced strength and stiffness to be obtained via thermal cross-linking of the epoxy-based chemistries. Two epoxy-based end-group terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer additives [hydroxy-terminated PDMS (OH-PDMS) and diglycidyl ether-terminated PDMS (epoxy-PDMS)] are added to enable phase separation, creating a heterogeneous polymeric material. During thermal treatment applied after photopolymerization, these additives can cross link together, concurrently with the cross-linking of the epoxy-based monomers which are part of the network, therefore creating elastomeric, phase-separated subdomains. Mixtures of OH-PDMS and epoxy-PDMS of various molar ratios are used to alter the extent of phase separation and the amount of cross-linking that occurs within the subdomains. It is observed that OH-PDMS does not phase separate when present alone, while it separates in the presence of epoxy-PDMS. Cross-linking within the phase-separated domains containing both types of PDMS leads to enhanced ductility, with the optimal ductility and toughness enhancement being obtained for the PDMS stoichiometry (OH-PDMS:epoxy-PDMS 80:20 by mol %). This composition retains good creep resistance and has only a slightly smaller strength than the neat resin.

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Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials

Lee

¹

,

Corrigan

²

,

Boyer

³

2023

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Polymerization induced microphase separation (PIMS) is a strategy used to develop unique nanostructures with highly useful morphologies through the microphase separation of emergent block copolymers during polymerization. In this process, nanostructures are formed with at least two chemically independent domains, where at least one domain is composed of a robust crosslinked polymer. Crucially, this synthetically simple method is readily used to develop nanostructured materials with the highly coveted co‐continuous morphology, which can also be converted into mesoporous materials by selective etching of one domain. As PIMS exploits a block copolymer microphase separation mechanism, the size of each domain can be tightly controlled by modifying the size of block copolymer precursors, thus providing unparalleled control over nanostructure and resultant mesopore sizes. Since its inception 11 years ago, PIMS has been used to develop a vast inventory of advanced materials for an extensive range of applications including biomedical devices, ion exchange membranes, lithium‐ion batteries, catalysis, 3D printing, and fluorescence‐based sensors, among many others. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the PIMS process, summarize latest developments in PIMS chemistry, and discuss its utility in a wide variety of relevant applications.

show abstract

Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials

Lee

¹

,

Corrigan

²

,

Boyer

³

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymerization induced microphase separation (PIMS) is a strategy used to develop unique nanostructures with highly useful morphologies through the microphase separation of emergent block copolymers during polymerization. In this process, nanostructures are formed with at least two chemically independent domains, where at least one domain is composed of a robust crosslinked polymer. Crucially, this synthetically simple method is readily used to develop nanostructured materials with the highly coveted co‐continuous morphology, which can also be converted into mesoporous materials by selective etching of one domain. As PIMS exploits a block copolymer microphase separation mechanism, the size of each domain can be tightly controlled by modifying the size of block copolymer precursors, thus providing unparalleled control over nanostructure and resultant mesopore sizes. Since its inception 11 years ago, PIMS has been used to develop a vast inventory of advanced materials for an extensive range of applications including biomedical devices, ion exchange membranes, lithium‐ion batteries, catalysis, 3D printing, and fluorescence‐based sensors, among many others. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the PIMS process, summarize latest developments in PIMS chemistry, and discuss its utility in a wide variety of relevant applications.

show abstract

Dynamic heterogeneity and nanophase separation in rubber-toughened amine-cured highly cross-linked polymer networks

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Increasing Ductility and Toughness of Photocurable Thermosets with Microstructures Controlled by Phase Separation

Increasing Ductility and Toughness of Photocurable Thermosets with Microstructures Controlled by Phase Separation

Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials

Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials

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