Dynamic grammar in adults: Incidental learning of natural syntactic structures extends over 48 h

Luka, Barbara J.; Choi, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.jml.2011.11.001

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This adaptation can be very rapid, emerging within several trials. Exposure to relatively unusual syntactic structures through passive reading leads participants to judge novel sentences following the same structures as more acceptable (Luka and Barsalou 2005;Luka and Choi 2012), similar to the mere exposure effect (Zajonc 1968). This effect also occurs very rapidly, emerging after a single prior exposure to a similar sentence, and can persist even after a full week of normal exposure to natural language (Luka and Barsalou 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Functional differences between statistical learning with and without explicit training

2015

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Humans are capable of rapidly extracting regularities from environmental input, a process known as statistical learning. This type of learning typically occurs automatically, through passive exposure to environmental input. The presumed function of statistical learning is to optimize processing, allowing the brain to more accurately predict and prepare for incoming input. In this study, we ask whether the function of statistical learning may be enhanced through supplementary explicit training, in which underlying regularities are explicitly taught rather than simply abstracted through exposure. Learners were randomly assigned either to an explicit group or an implicit group. All learners were exposed to a continuous stream of repeating nonsense words. Prior to this implicit training, learners in the explicit group received supplementary explicit training on the nonsense words. Statistical learning was assessed through a speeded reaction-time (RT) task, which measured the extent to which learners used acquired statistical knowledge to optimize online processing. Both RTs and brain potentials revealed significant differences in online processing as a function of training condition. RTs showed a crossover interaction; responses in the explicit group were faster to predictable targets and marginally slower to less predictable targets relative to responses in the implicit group. P300 potentials to predictable targets were larger in the explicit group than in the implicit group, suggesting greater recruitment of controlled, effortful processes. Taken together, these results suggest that information abstracted through passive exposure during statistical learning may be processed more automatically and with less effort than information that is acquired explicitly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Functional differences between statistical learning with and without explicit training

2015

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“…This helps it to account for evidence that abstract persistence is long-lived (Bock & Griffin, 2000; Bock et al, 2007; Ferreira et al, 2008; Hartsuiker et al, 2008; Kaschak, Kutta, & Schatschneider, 2011; Konopka & Bock, 2005; Luka & Choi, 2012). In its more powerful forms, learning also generalizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In production, abstract persistence not only occurs in the absence of lexical support, but can also last for a long time (Bock & Griffin, 2000; Kaschak, 2007; Kaschak, Kutta, & Schatschneider, 2011; Luka & Choi, 2012). Yet the increased effect of structural priming that stems from lexical repetition does not last, instead declining quickly (Hartsuiker, Bernolet, Schoonbaert, Speybroeck, & Venderelstet al, 2008; Konopka & Bock, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the parity of structural persistence in language production and comprehension

Tooley

Bock

2014

Cognition

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Structural priming creates structural persistence. That is, differences in experience with syntax can change subsequent language performance, and the changes can be observed in both language production and comprehension. However, the effects in comprehension and production appear to differ. In comprehension, persistence is typically found when the verbs are the same in primes and targets; in production, persistence occurs without verb overlap. The contrast suggests a theoretically important hypothesis: parsing in comprehension is lexically driven while formulation in production is structurally driven. A major weakness in this hypothesis about comprehension-production differences is that its empirical motivation rests on the outcomes of experiments in which the priming manipulations differ, the primed sentence structures differ, and the measures of priming differ. To sharpen the comparison, we examined structural persistence with and without verb overlap in both reading comprehension and spoken production, using the same prime presentation procedure, the same syntactic structures, the same sentences, and the same participants. These methods yielded abstract sructural persistence in comprehension as well as production. A measure of the strength of persistence revealed significant effects of priming and verb overlap without significant comprehension—production differences. This argues for uniformity in the structural mechanisms of language processing.

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“…These effects occur even when as much as a week passes between the exposure and test sessions (Luka & Choi, 2012; Kaschak et al, 2011). Increases in acceptability ratings may reflect facilitated on-line processing (i.e., acceptability increases as ease of processing increases), but this cannot be determined based solely on acceptability judgment.…”

Section: Studies Of Syntactic Priming In Comprehensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syntactic priming during sentence comprehension: Evidence for the lexical boost.

Traxler¹,

Tooley²,

Pickering³

2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Syntactic priming occurs when structural information from one sentence influences processing of a subsequently encountered sentence (Bock, 1986; Ledoux et al., 2007). This article reports two eye-tracking experiments investigating the effects of a prime sentence on the processing of a target sentence that shared aspects of syntactic form. The experiments were designed to determine the degree to which lexical overlap between prime and target sentences produced larger effects, comparable to the widely observed ‘lexical boost’ in production experiments (Pickering & Branigan, 1998; Pickering & Ferreira, 2008). The current experiments showed that priming effects during on-line comprehension were in fact larger when a verb was repeated across the prime and target sentences (see also Tooley et al., 2009). The finding of larger priming effects with lexical repetition supports accounts under which syntactic form representations are connected to individual lexical items (e.g., Vosse & Kempen, 2000, 2009; Tomasello, 2003).

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Dynamic grammar in adults: Incidental learning of natural syntactic structures extends over 48 h

Cited by 33 publications

References 71 publications

Functional differences between statistical learning with and without explicit training

Functional differences between statistical learning with and without explicit training

On the parity of structural persistence in language production and comprehension

Syntactic priming during sentence comprehension: Evidence for the lexical boost.

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