Dynamic Gelation of HPAM/Cr(III) under Shear in an Agitator and Porous Media

He, Yu; Wang, Yefei; Zhang, Jian; Lv, Peng; Shi, Shenglong

doi:10.2516/ogst/2012090

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Some researchers have undertaken a number of experimental investigations to examine the performance of Hydrophobically Associating Polyacrylamide (HAPAM) [24] and HPAM/Cr(III) [25] to improve the performance of HPAM components in EOR. Apart from the experimental measurements, empirical and semi-empirical methodologies, different approaches based on mechanical models [26], continuum theories [27] and molecular theories [28,29] have been utilized to calculate and also to apprehend some of the detected laboratory phenomena.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding

Rostami

Kalantari-Meybodi

Karimi

et al. 2018

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies nouvel

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Abstract. Polymers applications have been progressively increased in sciences and engineering including chemistry, pharmacology science, and chemical and petroleum engineering due to their attractive properties. Amongst the all types of polymers, partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) is one of the widely used polymers especially in chemistry, and chemical and petroleum engineering. Capability of solution viscosity increment of HPAM is the key parameter in its successful applications; thus, the viscosity of HPAM solution must be determined in any study. Experimental measurement of HPAM solution viscosity is time-consuming and can be expensive for elevated conditions of temperatures and pressures, which is not desirable for engineering computations. In this communication, Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP), Least Squares Support Vector Machine approach optimized with Coupled Simulated Annealing (CSA-LSSVM), Radial Basis Function neural network optimized with Genetic Algorithm (GA-RBF), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System coupled with Conjugate Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (CHPSO-ANFIS) approach, and Committee Machine Intelligent System (CMIS) were used to model the viscosity of HPAM solutions. Then, the accuracy and reliability of the developed models in this study were investigated through graphical and statistical analyses, trend prediction capability, outlier detection, and sensitivity analysis. As a result, it has been found that the MLP and CMIS models give the most reliable results with determination coefficients (R 2 ) more than 0.98 and Average Absolute Relative Deviations (AARD) less than 4.0%. Finally, the suggested models in this study can be applied for efficient estimation of aqueous solutions of HPAM polymer in simulation of polymer flooding into oil reservoirs.

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Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding

Rostami

Kalantari-Meybodi

Karimi

et al. 2018

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP Energies nouvel

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“…Hajilary et al 34 had developed a novel method to study the radial flow of the polymer gel in porous media. Yu et al 42 found that the time of dynamic gelation in porous media was much longer than that of static gelation in porous media and ampule bottles. However, the flow characteristics of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system in a fracture channeling path are different from those in porous medium channeling path; thus, the research results of the transportation of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system in the conventional reservoir cannot be applied to a fractured tight reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Zhang¹,

Zheng²,

et al. 2016

Energy Fuels

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The influence of the molecular weight (M w ) of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) on the cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr 3+ and the transportation of HPAM/Cr 3+ in microfractures is systematically studied using viscometry, ultraviolet− visible absorption spectrophotometry, and displacement experiment with a visual microfractured model. The results show that a high-M w HPAM is advantageous to the intramolecular cross-linking reaction of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system but disadvantageous to the transportation of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system in microfractures. At the intramolecular cross-linking stage, the injection pressure of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system in microfractures is almost equal to that of the HPAM solution, which undergoes no change with the degree of the cross-linking reaction. The higher the HPAM M w , the earlier the intramolecular cross-linking ends (thus, the intermolecular cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr 3+ occurs earlier, which leads to an earlier increase in the injection pressure of the HPAM/Cr 3+ system). Moreover, there is a matching relationship between the fracture aperture and the HPAM/Cr 3+ system to minimize the chromatographic separation when the HPAM/Cr 3+ system transports in the microfracture. For the conformance control of a fractured tight oil reservoir, we conclude that an HPAM/Cr 3+ system with a low-M w HPAM can more easily enter the deep reservoir to expand the swept volume on a larger scale. However, the system with a high-M w HPAM can form a gel with a higher viscosity to produce a higher plugging strength.

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“…The gelation time during flow in porous media is different from bulk gelation time measured in ampule tube. The in situ gelation time has been reported to be longer than bulk gelation time (McCool et al 2009;Haiyang et al 2013). Moreover, the differences between gel morphology in bulk and porous media are also crucial to understand the gel blocking mechanism in porous media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Gelation Behavior and Morphology of Resorcinol–Hexamethylenetetramine–HPAM Gel in Bulk and Porous Media

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2015

Transp Porous Med

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Polymer gel treatment is a proven cost-effective method to control excessive water production and improve sweep efficiency in many mature oilfields; however, it is worth noting that there exist differences between gelation behavior and morphology in bulk and porous media, which are directly related to the success of a gel treatment. In this study, the gelation behavior and morphology of resorcinol-hexamethylenetetramine-HPAM gel in bulk and porous media were studied. Results revealed that the differences between the gelation time and morphology in bulk and porous media were obvious. The relationship between bulk gelation time and static gelation time in porous media was correlated. Dynamic gelation behavior in porous media confirmed that the gelation could occur during flow in porous media and the gelation location can be inferred to determine gel placement. This study could provide the basis for determining well shutoff time and understanding the blocking mechanism in porous media.

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Dynamic Gelation of HPAM/Cr(III) under Shear in an Agitator and Porous Media

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding

Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures

Comparison of Gelation Behavior and Morphology of Resorcinol–Hexamethylenetetramine–HPAM Gel in Bulk and Porous Media

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Dynamic Gelation of HPAM/Cr(III) under Shear in an Agitator and Porous Media

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding

Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr3+ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr3+ System in Microfractures

Comparison of Gelation Behavior and Morphology of Resorcinol–Hexamethylenetetramine–HPAM Gel in Bulk and Porous Media

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Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr³⁺ System in Microfractures