Dynamic Frequency Support for Low Inertia Power Systems by Renewable Energy Hubs with Fast Active Power Regulation

Abstract

This paper concerns the feasibility of Fast Active Power Regulation (FAPR) in renewable energy hubs. Selected state-of-the-art FAPR strategies are applied to various controllable devices within a hub, such as a solar photovoltaic (PV) farm and an electrolyzer acting as a responsive load. Among the selected strategies are droop-based FAPR, droop derivative-based FAPR, and virtual synchronous power (VSP)-based FAPR. The FAPR-supported hub is interconnected with a test transmission network, modeled and simulated in a real-time simulation electromagnetic transient (EMT) environment to study a futuristic operating condition of the high-voltage infrastructure covering the north of the Netherlands. The real-time EMT simulations show that the FAPR strategies (especially the VSP-based FAPR) can successfully help to significantly and promptly limit undesirable large instantaneous frequency deviations.

Feasibility Analysis of Online Uncertainty Metrics for PMU-Based State Estimation

“…In recent years, the ever-increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation is pushing for the development and deployment of more sophisticated and precise control techniques [1][2][3]. Due to the loss of rotational inertia in favor of inverterconnected facilities, modern power systems are subject to strongly non-stationary operating conditions, characterized by fast dynamics and wide-band spectrum [4].…”