Dynamic expression of intra‐ and extra‐cellular proteome and the influence of epiphytic bacteria for Nostoc flagelliforme in response to rehydration

Abstract

Summary Nostoc flagelliforme is well known for its strong ecological adaptability in inhabiting desert biological soil crusts. However, the mechanism of its recovery from quiescent to active state after prolonged dormancy remains poorly characterized. Especially how exoproteome be related to the adaptive strategies and participate in the microalgae‐bacteria interaction. In the present work, we analysed the intra‐ and extra‐cellular proteome of N. flagelliforme over a complete rehydration period both in sterilization and in natural condition for the first time. The protein expression profile for N. flagelliforme has more fluctuations during the first 1 h after wetting but been relatively steady after fully hydrated. According to the extracellular proteomic datasets, we found a dynamic secretion of various extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and membrane transport proteins, which were related to peptidoglycan digestion and nutrient exchange respectively. Two‐hundred and thirteen differentially expressed proteins induced by sterilization also reflect variation in nutrient exchange and highlight symbiosis between N. flagelliforme and surrounding bacteria. We also identified 112 phosphopeptides and 217 phosphorylation site of 95 protein of hydrated N. flagelliforme. The time course datasets we present here will be a reference for understanding the molecular processes underlying N. flagelliforme resuscitation and its potential role in microbial community diversification and soil desertification control.

Metabolites Facilitating Adaptation of Desert Cyanobacteria to Extremely Arid Environments

“…Desiccation tolerant cyanobacteria Nostoc flagelliforme was shown to closely associate in communities with diverse Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes taxa [ 24 ]. During rehydration, N. flagelliforme secretes over 200 various extra-cellular hydrolytic enzymes and membrane transport proteins to communicate with accompanying epiphytic bacteria and acquire required nutrients [ 25 ].…”

Proteome profiling reveals changes in energy metabolism, transport and antioxidation during drought stress in Nostoc flagelliforme

“…In the phototrophic-heterotrophic system, nutrients are obtained via active membrane transport systems [1]. Additionally, transporters play an important role in efflux of heavy metal ions and stress adaptation [20], making both influx and efflux critical components of the transport system [21].…”

“…It is considered to be a local ecosystem pioneer and plays a crucial role in the carbon and nitrogen balance in native habitat. It is also involved in the formation of biological desert soil crusts, which will increase soil organic matter and promote nutrients recycling, thus contributing to species diversity and ecosystem stability [1]. It is primarily located in dry and windy areas with relatively poor species diversity with low rainfall and relative humidity.…”

“…PCC 6803 was subjected to variable light conditions and found to reduce phycobilisome (PBS) antennas and increase photosystem II (PSII) repair mechanisms in orange-red light conditions. Furthermore, proteomics studies on N. flagelliforme have found that photosynthesis, antioxidant systems and energy metabolism were affected by different stresses in different ways [1,4,[15][16][17][18]. Transporters have been found to be involved in response to the rehydration stress by N. flagelliforme [1].…”

“…Furthermore, proteomics studies on N. flagelliforme have found that photosynthesis, antioxidant systems and energy metabolism were affected by different stresses in different ways [1,4,[15][16][17][18]. Transporters have been found to be involved in response to the rehydration stress by N. flagelliforme [1]. In addition, carotenoidbinding proteins have also been found to be regulated in response to rehydration and dehydration treatments [7].…”