Dynamic equivalent model development to improve the operation efficiency of wind farm

Abstract

An increasing number of wind turbine generators (WTGs) are being installed in modern power system networks. As a result, substantial achievements have been made in developing generic wind models to represent the dynamic behavior of WTGs on the grid. The Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) has developed and proposed four generic models for positive sequence stability analysis of WTG. These models provide a good first step in terms of simulating the dynamic response of WTGs on the power system grid. Since it requires accurate parameters to predict the true response of the WTG, challenges associated with the simulation of dynamic response of WTGs in the field still remain. This paper proposes a procedure to estimate parameters of dynamic equivalent model of WTG by using the measurement data from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). Hybrid dynamic simulation is used to reduce external system by employing input signal on PMU bus. Stochastic approximation is adopted in searching optimized model parameter values. A two-WTG subsystem in Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) is presented as a case study to address the importance of correct model in system operation strategy. Two most commonly used generic WTG models have been utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Modal Aggregation Technique to Check the Accuracy of the Model Reduction of Array Cable Systems in Offshore Wind Farms

“…Thus, there is a distinction between a certain parameter-based model aggregation of white-boxed models and identified parameter-based model aggregation of black-boxed models. Parameters can be identified by optimization algorithms like particle swarm optimization [19]. Another approach would be to perform vector fitting to the entire wind farm dynamics, as proposed in [18].…”

Advanced Performance Metrics and Their Application to the Sensitivity Analysis for Model Validation and Calibration

“…Furthermore, proposed metrics can help with the identification of key model parameters that need to be tuned for model calibration. In several references, such as [23]- [25], the key parameters are identified by performing sensitivity analysis with respect to the RMSE metric that quantifies the change in the model-based response caused by a change in selected model parameter. There can be several parameters that are sensitive to the RMSE metric that may or may not be needed to be tuned at all.…”

A Trajectory Piecewise-Linear Approach to Nonlinear Model Order Reduction of Wind Farms

“…Ref. [4] has improved the accuracy of conventional aggregation by using the fuzzy-logic method, while in [5] and [6] a particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to calibrate parameters of the equivalent model. However, the single-machine aggregation is often unrealistic [7] since most wind farms are situated over a large geographical area, leading to different operating conditions comprising of large number of WTGs in the farm.…”