Average-current-mode (ACM) control was introduced in the early 1990s [1] to alleviate the disadvantages related to the peak-current-mode (PCM) control such as the limited-duty-ratio range and high-frequency noise sensitivity [2,3]. ACM control is typically used in power-factor-correction applications [4] and in the converters interfacing the solar panels [5,6]. The duty-ratio generation is basically identical to the method utilized in the VMC control, but the control signal contains both the output-voltage-loop control signal and the averaged inductor current. The internal dynamics of the converter would naturally change by application of ACM control but may resemble either the dynamics of VM or PCM control depending on the level of inductor-current ripple left in the duty-ratio generation. It may be obvious that the dynamical modeling is quite similar to the PCM modeling introduced in Chapter 4. Therefore, it is also natural that the proposed modeling methods in [7, 8, 11, 13, and, 14] would utilize the modeling of PCM control [9,12,15]. We will introduce the ACM modeling only in the continuous conduction mode. The DCM models can be naturally derived by applying the proposed method and using the results developed for the PCM control in DCM (Chapter 4, Section 4.4).
ACM-Control PrincipleUnder ACM control, the duty ratio (d) is generated comparing the output signal (u ca ) of the current-loop amplifier and the constant ramp signal (R s M c ) provided by the PWM modulator as shown in Figure 5.1, where R s is the inductor-current equivalent sensing resistor, and M c the slope of the PWM ramp in current domain. The duty ratio is established when the output signal (u ca ) of the current-loop amplifier reaches the PWM ramp signal. The output signal of the current-loop amplifier (u ca ) can be given by u ca = u co + G ca (u co − R s i L ) ( 5.1)Dynamic Profile of Switched-Mode Converter. Teuvo Suntio