Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch and Peak Hour Demand Management by Integration of Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response

Abstract

Dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) problem is an old and very popular power dispatch problem. It has two aspects to be simultaneously considered i.e. minimization of power generation cost as well as emission dispatch. Formulation of an optimization problem with these two conflicting objectives becomes necessary so that a compromised solution can be obtained. Classical economic-emission dispatch problem is formulated with only conventional generators. But due to the importance of environment sustainability, penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electrical grid is encouraged. This paper also proposes solution of DEED incorporating RES. However, most common forms of RES are intermittent and uncertain. One reliable solution to this problem is to integrate RES with the conventional generators. But this may cause many other problems in the system, like higher costs, higher emission, overloading of generating units etc. Another problem discussed in this paper is network reliability issues due to peak hour demand of the power system. The ultimate objective of this research work becomes to minimize the peak hour energy consumption, power losses, cost of energy generation and emission dispatch in an integrated system. All these problems of smart grid system are catered optimally by also considering their interfacing with each other and resolved with help of demand response (DR) programs. To formulate this problem standard IEEE 30 bus system is considered as test boats. To integrate RES some of the conventional generating units in IEEE 30 bus system are replaced for the study. In this paper comparative study on benefits of implementing DR programs with and without integrating RES in smart grid system is given. The proposed system uses Cuckoo search and Grasshopper optimization algorithm to find the solutions of stochastic non-linear optimization problems.