Dynamic Distribution of Gut Microbiota in Pigs at Different Growth Stages: Composition and Contribution

Luo, Yuheng; Ren, Wen; Smidt, Hauke; Wright, André‐Denis G.; Yu, Bing; Schyns, Ghislain; McCormack, Ursula M.; Cowieson, A. J.; Yu, Jie; He, Jun; Yan, Hui; Wu, Jinlong; Mackie, Roderick I.; Chen, Daiwen

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00688-21

Cited by 50 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…At birth, colonization of the gut microbiota (such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp.) begins once the newborn is exposed to microbes from the mother and the surrounding environment and is influenced by the consumption of colostrum and milk in sows ( 130 ). Subsequently, aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobes, and obligate anaerobes gradually colonized the intestinal tract of piglets, and about 2 days later, the intestinal tract was completely colonized by microorganisms, and Lactobacillus was the dominant bacteria ( 17 , 131 ).…”

Section: Weaning Stress and Intestinal Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Weaning is one of the most stressful events in piglet life, this particular period also provides an important window to shape the gut microbiota ( 126 , 130 , 132 , 133 ). In early weaning, the diet of piglets is changed from good digestible breast milk to poor digestible solid feed, piglets cannot fully digest and utilize these nutrients due to the immature digestive system, which provides a good source of nutrients for some pathogenic bacteria to multiply, thereby altering the composition of the gut microbiota (e.g., increasing the ratio of Escherichia coli to Lactobacillus ) and destroying the microbial barrier function of the intestinal tract ( 17 , 31 , 134 , 135 ).…”

Section: Weaning Stress and Intestinal Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review

Tang

Xiong²,

Fang³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Weaning is considered to be one of the most critical periods in pig production, which is related to the economic benefits of pig farms. However, in actual production, many piglets are often subjected to weaning stress due to the sudden separation from the sow, the changes in diet and living environment, and other social challenges. Weaning stress often causes changes in the morphology and function of the small intestine of piglets, disrupts digestion and absorption capacity, destroys intestinal barrier function, and ultimately leads to reduced feed intake, increased diarrhea rate, and growth retardation. Therefore, correctly understanding the effects of weaning stress on intestinal health have important guiding significance for nutritional regulation of intestinal injury caused by weaning stress. In this review, we mainly reviewed the effects of weaning stress on the intestinal health of piglets, from the aspects of intestinal development, and intestinal barrier function, thereby providing a theoretical basis for nutritional strategies to alleviate weaning stress in mammals in future studies.

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Section: Weaning Stress and Intestinal Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weaning Stress and Intestinal Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review

Tang

Xiong²,

Fang³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…They influence digestion, metabolism, the immune system, intestinal epithelium’s barrier functions, and antibacterial chemical synthesis. In nutrition, the microbiome influences food energy balance and partitioning, fiber digestion, vitamin and mineral synthesis, and bile acid metabolism [ 106 ].…”

Section: Role Of the Gut Microbiome And Its Metabolites In Health And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery

Hernández-Flores

Pedraza-Brindis

Cárdenas-Bedoya

et al. 2022

IJMS

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A balanced and varied diet provides diverse beneficial effects on health, such as adequate micronutrient availability and a gut microbiome in homeostasis. Besides their participation in biochemical processes as cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins and minerals have an immunoregulatory function; meanwhile, gut microbiota and its metabolites coordinate directly and indirectly the cell response through the interaction with the host receptors. Malnourishment is a crucial risk factor for several pathologies, and its involvement during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has been reported. This pandemic has caused a significant decline in the worldwide population, especially those with chronic diseases, reduced physical activity, and elder age. Diet and gut microbiota composition are probable causes for this susceptibility, and its supplementation can play a role in reestablishing microbial homeostasis and improving immunity response against Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and recovery. This study reviews the role of micronutrients and microbiomes in the risk of infection, the severity of disease, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 sequelae.

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“…When given orally to juvenile, but yet not suckling pigs, the bioavailability of amoxicillin varies between 25 and 31%, and thus, substantial drug quantities may have a direct impact on the gut microbiota (Burch and Sperling 2018). Indeed, swine gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex community of microorganisms, which compose the microbiota and take active part in immunity, digestive physiology, and nutrients metabolism (Luo et al 2022). The microbiota of newborns is mainly transferred from the sow at birth and then later from the sow's colostrum and milk, but it is also shaped by the surrounding environment (Isaacson and Kim 2012;Luo et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, swine gastrointestinal tract hosts a complex community of microorganisms, which compose the microbiota and take active part in immunity, digestive physiology, and nutrients metabolism (Luo et al 2022). The microbiota of newborns is mainly transferred from the sow at birth and then later from the sow's colostrum and milk, but it is also shaped by the surrounding environment (Isaacson and Kim 2012;Luo et al 2022). The microbiota of piglets is dominated by Firmicutes, and in particular by the orders Lactobacillales (Petri et al 2010) and Clostridiales (Yang et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal amoxicillin affects piglets colon microbiota: microbial ecology and metabolomics in a gut model

Nissen

Aniballi

Casciano

et al. 2022

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The first weeks of life represent a crucial stage for microbial colonization of the piglets’ gastrointestinal tract. Newborns’ microbiota is unstable and easily subject to changes under stimuli or insults. Nonetheless, the administration of antibiotics to the sow is still considered as common practice in intensive farming for pathological conditions in the postpartum. Therefore, transfer of antibiotic residues through milk may occurs, affecting the piglets’ colon microbiota. In this study, we aimed to extend the knowledge on antibiotic transfer through milk, employing an in vitro dedicated piglet colon model (MICODE—Multi Unit In vitro Colon Model). The authors’ focus was set on the shifts of the piglets’ microbiota composition microbiomics (16S r-DNA MiSeq and qPCR—quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and on the production of microbial metabolites (SPME GC/MS—solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) in response to milk with different concentrations of amoxicillin. The results showed an effective influence of amoxicillin in piglets’ microbiota and metabolites production; however, without altering the overall biodiversity. The scenario is that of a limitation of pathogens and opportunistic taxa, e.g., Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae, but also a limitation of commensal dominant Lactobacillaceae, a reduction in commensal Ruminococcaceae and a depletion in beneficial Bifidobactericeae. Lastly, an incremental growth of resistant species, such as Enterococcaceae or Clostridiaceae, was observed. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first evaluating the impact of antibiotic residues towards the piglets’ colon microbiota in an in vitro model, opening the way to include such approach in a pipeline of experiments where a reduced number of animals for testing is employed. Key points • Piglet colon model to study antibiotic transfer through milk. • MICODE resulted a robust and versatile in vitro gut model. • Towards the “3Rs” Principles to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals used for scientific purposes (Directive 2010/63/UE). Graphical abstract

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Dynamic Distribution of Gut Microbiota in Pigs at Different Growth Stages: Composition and Contribution

Cited by 50 publications

References 92 publications

Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review

Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: A review

Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery

Maternal amoxicillin affects piglets colon microbiota: microbial ecology and metabolomics in a gut model

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