Dynamic dispersing technique for PR coating process in planar lightwave circuit fabrication

Abstract

lation and measured results. The fabricated CRLH TL has a fractional bandwidth of 88.7% from 0.37 to 0.96 GHz for LH region. The proposed CRLH TL that has broad LH bandwidth can be easily designed below 1 GHz.

Controlled Growth of CH3NH3PbI3 Using a Dynamically Dispensed Spin‐Coating Method: Improving Efficiency with a Reproducible PbI2 Blocking Layer

“…J sc is determined by light harvesting and charge extraction. The absorption spectra in Figure S3 indicates that perovskite layer of the SDSC has a slightly weaker absorption, but this is mainly owed to the weaker scattering effect for the perovskite layer with a smaller cuboid size . From the integrated absorption spectra, it should be noted that although the perovskite layers of 28 % PbI 2 peak fraction do not possess the highest absorption, they do have the highest J sc among all these devices.…”

“…In DDSC, the growth of the perovskite is kept uniform by maintaining a constant MAI concentration at the PbI 2 surface during the reaction. Compared with statically dispensed spin‐coating (SDSC) techniques, DDSC is a more repeatable process, because the solvent has less time to evaporate before being spun off, the soaking time and spinning rate are not factors, and the ramp speed is not as important . The spinning rate determines how much MAI reacts with the PbI 2 before it spins off the substrate, while the turbulent flow keeps the surface concentration closer to the bulk drop concentration .…”