Dynamic disconnection of the supplementary motor area after processing of dismissive biographic narratives

Borchardt, Viola; Krause, Anna; Li, Meng; Tol, Marie-José van; Demenescu, Liliana Ramona; Buchheim, Anna; Metzger, Coraline D.; Sweeney‐Reed, Catherine M.; Nolte, Tobias; Lord, Anton; Walter, Martin

doi:10.1002/brb3.377

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…An insecure-anxious attachment style, in contrast, has been associated with an increased activation of the “social aversion system” in response to negative social cues (e.g., Lemche et al, 2006 ; Vrtička et al, 2008 ; DeWall et al, 2012 ). Furthermore, suppression of resting state activity has been observed in affective, empathy and default mode brain networks following emotional movie clips, emotional biographic narratives or social stress respectively (Eryilmaz et al, 2011 ; Vaisvaser et al, 2013 ; Borchardt et al, 2015 ), suggesting that emotional or social stress “carry-over” effects are associated with temporary alterations of the brain’s dynamic baseline. Consequently, such a shift in baseline intrinsic connection would have an effect on individual responses towards explicit subsequent situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismissing Attachment Characteristics Dynamically Modulate Brain Networks Subserving Social Aversion

Krause

Borchardt

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Attachment patterns influence actions, thoughts and feeling through a person’s “inner working model”. Speech charged with attachment-dependent content was proposed to modulate the activation of cognitive-emotional schemata in listeners. We performed a 7 Tesla rest-task-rest functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-experiment, presenting auditory narratives prototypical of dismissing attachment representations to investigate their effect on 23 healthy males. We then examined effects of participants’ attachment style and childhood trauma on brain state changes using seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analyses, and finally tested whether subjective differences in responsivity to narratives could be predicted by baseline network states. In comparison to a baseline state, we observed increased FC in a previously described “social aversion network” including dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (dACC) and left anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG) specifically after exposure to insecure-dismissing attachment narratives. Increased dACC-seeded FC within the social aversion network was positively related to the participants’ avoidant attachment style and presence of a history of childhood trauma. Anxious attachment style on the other hand was positively correlated with FC between the dACC and a region outside of the “social aversion network”, namely the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which suggests decreased network segregation as a function of anxious attachment. Finally, the extent of subjective experience of friendliness towards the dismissing narrative was predicted by low baseline FC-values between hippocampus and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Taken together, our study demonstrates an activation of networks related to social aversion in terms of increased connectivity after listening to insecure-dismissing attachment narratives. A causal interrelation of brain state changes and subsequent changes in social reactivity was further supported by our observation of direct prediction of neuronal responses by individual attachment and trauma characteristics and reversely prediction of subjective experience by intrinsic functional connections. We consider these findings of activation of within-network and between-network connectivity modulated by inter-individual differences as substantial for the understanding of interpersonal processes, particularly in clinical settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dismissing Attachment Characteristics Dynamically Modulate Brain Networks Subserving Social Aversion

Krause

Borchardt

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Individual representations of attachment do not only have an influence on one's own processing of social emotional triggers, but can evoke a schema activation in the counterpart through attachment-specific speech patterns and behavior (Borchardt et al, 2015;Kirchmann, Thomas, Br€ uderle, & Strauß, 2011;Krause et al, 2016;Martin, Buchheim, Berger, & Strauss, 2007). Consequently, schema activation can be the result of an environmental trigger and can alter the mental states of the listener in terms of a 'carry-over effect' as for instance proposed in the cognitive model of depression (Beck, 1967;Disner, Beevers, Haigh, & Beck, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional connectivity changes following interpersonal reactivity

Krause

Čolić

Borchardt

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Attachment experiences substantially influence emotional and cognitive development. Narratives comprising attachment-dependent content were proposed to modulate activation of cognitive-emotional schemata in listeners. We studied the effects after listening to prototypical attachment narratives on wellbeing and countertransference-reactions in 149 healthy participants. Neural correlates of these cognitive-emotional schema activations were investigated in a 7 Tesla rest-task-rest fMRI-study (23 healthy males) using functional connectivity (FC) analysis of the social approach network (seed regions: left and right Caudate Nucleus, CN). Reduced FC between left CN and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) represented a general effect of prior auditory stimulation. After presentation of the insecure-dismissing narrative, FC between left CN and bilateral temporo-parietal junction, and right dorsal posterior Cingulum was reduced, compared to baseline. Post-narrative FC-patterns of insecure-dismissing and insecure-preoccupied narratives differed in strength between left CN and right DLPFC. Neural correlates of the moderating effect of individual attachment anxiety were represented in a reduced CN-DLPFC FC as a function of individual neediness-levels. These findings suggest specific neural processing of prolonged mood-changes and schema activation induced by attachment-specific speech patterns. Individual desire for interpersonal proximity was predicted by attachment anxiety and furthermore modulated FC of the social approach network in those exposed to such narratives.

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“…Previously, we applied graph theory to fMRI data and identified a brain network including the supplementary motor area (SMA) that decreased its FC specifically following listening to the insecure‐dismissing narrative. This finding indicated differences in brain state changes according to emotional reactivity between conditions (Borchardt et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Further evidence for an interaction between insecure attachment and depression severity has been observed in cortico‐striato‐thalamic circuits of affect regulation (Galynker et al., ). Previous research based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has suggested that processing of emotional stimuli with attachment‐related content induces carryover effects and alters brain network configurations (Borchardt et al., ; Krause et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite little being known about whether or how emotional stimuli influence cortical arousal in the course of affective information processing, the investigation of trends in cortical arousal is crucial for the separation of vigilance‐associated signal changes from those specifically related to affective processing. While it has been shown that affective stimulation entails changes in brain network patterns at rest (Borchardt et al., ; Eryilmaz, Van De Ville, Schwartz, & Vuilleumier, ; Krause et al., ), it has not yet been investigated whether exogenous emotional stimulation has a prolonged effect on the temporal dynamics of endogenous cortical arousal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to attachment narratives dynamically modulates cortical arousal during the resting state in the listener

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAffective stimulation entails changes in brain network patterns at rest, but it is unknown whether exogenous emotional stimulation has a prolonged effect on the temporal dynamics of endogenous cortical arousal. We therefore investigated differences in cortical arousal in the listener following stimulation with different attachment‐related narratives.MethodsResting‐state EEG was recorded from sixteen healthy subjects for ten minutes each with eyes closed: first at baseline and then after passively listening to three affective narratives from strangers about their early childhood experiences (prototypical for insecure‐dismissing, insecure‐preoccupied, and secure attachment). Using the VIGALL 2.1 algorithm, low or high vigilance stages in consecutive EEG segments were classified, and their dynamic profile was analyzed. Questionnaires assessed the listeners’ emotional response to the content of the narrative.ResultsAs a general effect of preceding affective stimulation, vigilance following the stimulation was significantly elevated compared to baseline rest, and carryover effects in dynamic vigilance profiles were observed. A difference between narrative conditions was revealed for the insecure‐dismissing condition, in which the decrease in duration of high vigilance stages was fastest compared to the other two conditions. The behavioral data supported the observation that especially the insecure narratives induced a tendency in the listener to affectively disengage from the narrative content.DiscussionThis study revealed carryover effects in endogenous cortical arousal evoked by preceding affective stimulation and provides evidence for attachment‐specific dynamic alterations of brain states and individual differences in emotional reactivity.

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Dynamic disconnection of the supplementary motor area after processing of dismissive biographic narratives

Cited by 18 publications

References 59 publications

Dismissing Attachment Characteristics Dynamically Modulate Brain Networks Subserving Social Aversion

Dismissing Attachment Characteristics Dynamically Modulate Brain Networks Subserving Social Aversion

Functional connectivity changes following interpersonal reactivity

Exposure to attachment narratives dynamically modulates cortical arousal during the resting state in the listener

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