Dynamic dependence to domain wall propagation through artificial spin ice

Abstract

Domain wall propagation dynamics has been studied in nanostructured artificial kagome spin-ice structures. A stripline circuit has been used to provide localized pulsed magnetic fields within the artificial spin-ice (ASI) structure. This provides control of the system through electrically assisted domain wall nucleation events. Synchronization of the pulsed fields with additional global magnetic fields and the use of a focused magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometer allows our experiments to probe the domain wall transit through an extended ASI structure. We find that the propagation distance depends on the driving field revealing field-driven properties of domain walls below their intrinsic nucleation field

Advances in artificial spin ice

“…For these applications, it will be important to find a way to access the large number of macrospin configurations 84 . Furthermore, to be compatible with CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology, it will be important to develop methods to write data electrically in the form of the magnetic state of individual or collections of magnets utilizing, for example, spin-orbit torques 173 or spin-transfer torques, and to read out the states of individual magnets or an array of magnets with transport measurements 66,99,174 . The magnetic state of individual nanomagnets could be read out electrically via magnetic tunnel junctions, for instance.…”

“…Taking advantage of this asymmetry, a domain wall passing through tailored Y-junctions, which are the basic units of connected artificial kagome spin ice, can be used to perform logic operations 62,63 . However, care is needed because the walls may transform into domain walls of opposite chirality for particular magnetic fields and geometries 64,65 , and the propagation behaviour of the domain walls depends on the magnitude and orientation of the applied magnetic fields [66][67][68] . To circumvent these effects, the geometry of the Y-junctions can be modified so that the symmetry of the branches is reduced, giving a deterministic domain wall path that is independent of the domain-wall chirality 69 .…”

Current-controlled nanomagnetic writing for reconfigurable magnonic crystals

“…Here, the same control is achieved with a single set of lines, a reduction of n lines in an n-row array. The c-DW may be prepared electrically using previously described stripline-based schemes 44,52 .…”

Toroidal Order in Magnetic Metamaterials

“…In this context, a variety of geometries have been studied that exhibits more, less or different couplings between macrospins. Among these are asymmetric Ising-like systems with an as-grown ordering and emergent magnetic monopoles [315][316][317][318] , quasi-crystalline arrays with local transient states and frustration [319][320][321] , ordering in glass-like arrays 322 , the 'tetris', 'shakti', 'cairo', 'brickwork' or rewritable-square-ice lattice that exhibit reduced dimensionality, phase transitions, topological measures and local manipulability 268,278,311,[323][324][325][326][327][328] , arrays with an emergent chirality and artificial ferromagnetism [329][330][331] , implementations of artificial ferrimagnetism 332 , the presence of a phase coexistence described in relation to the Potts model 333,334 , 'anti'-spin-ice systems 335,336 , interaction-modified arrays 337,338 , interconnected variants 308,[339][340][341][342][343] or the coupling to additional functional layers 344 .…”