Dynamic cyclic behaviors of lipid droplets monitored by two-photon fluorescence probe with high photostability

Faster and More Specific: Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer-Based Dyes for High-Fidelity Dynamic Imaging of Lipid Droplets within Cells and Tissues

“…The organelle has a high degree of evolutionary conservation across nearly all organisms from bacteria to humans. − LDs are highly dynamic organelles interacting with other organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), − mitochondria, − peroxisomes, − autophagic-lysosomal system, ,, and cytoskeleton. , Besides that LDs have been suggested to exert multiple and diverse effects in many cellular processes, including cellular energy homeostasis, membrane synthesis and trafficking, and protein degradation. − Recently, various studies indicated that the highly dynamic character of LDs primarily corresponds to these biological functions of LDs. ,− Therefore, imaging and dynamically tracking LDs are of great importance for better understanding the physiological and pathological roles of LDs. Thus, various spectroscopic methods have been developed for LDs visualization in cells and tissues. − Among them, fluorescence imaging has been considered to be one of the most reliable and popular techniques for the visualization of LDs owing to high visibility, sensitivity, and tunability. , Therefore, a series of fluorescent dyes have been developed for LDs tracking and imaging. − However, there are still drawbacks of these dyes to limit their applications in LDs biology research. For instance, BODIPY, NBD based dyes usually display small Stokes shifts inducing severe self-absorption phenomenon and emit fluorescence in water medium triggering strong background noises.…”

“…Third, the dye should possess some amphipathic characters for targeting LDs selectively, and amphipathic characters should not be too strong to stain other organelles like mitochondria or ER. ESIPT dyes have been known as microenvironment sensitive dyes with large stock shifts for decades . We consider that these dyes could meet two of our proposed criteria of LDs dye designing and should be ideal candidates of LDs dyes.…”

“…ESIPT dyes have been known as microenvironment sensitive dyes with large stock shifts for decades. 41 We consider that these dyes could meet two of our proposed criteria of LDs dye designing and should be ideal candidates of LDs dyes. However, there is still no report for ESIPT based LDs dyes so far.…”

Polarity-Sensitive Probe: Dual-Channel Visualization of the “Chameleon” Migration with the Assistance of Reactive Oxygen Species

“…The liver is a major center for lipid metabolism, in which fatty acid (FA) experiences uptake, oxidation, and secretion. , However, a large number of lipids accumulating in the liver would lead to fatty liver disease, ,− which is a kind of clinical pathological syndrome, mainly characterized by hepatic cell steatosis . Continuous evolution and development of the fatty liver will greatly threaten human health, and it is urgent to diagnose and monitor the pathological change in the fatty liver.…”

Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Enables the Rational Design of Lipid Droplet-Targeting Carbon Dots for Visualizing Bisphenol A-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-like Changes

“…Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly dynamic spherical organelles consisting of a hydrophobic core of various neutral lipids (cholesterol esters and triglycerides) and a phospholipid monolayer that embed proteins. − LDs are well-known as the primary organelle of dynamic lipid storage. Recent research studies have revealed that LDs are involved in fundamental physiological processes, including the lipid metabolism, apoptosis, protein degradation, and organelle interplays. , The metabolic abnormalities of LDs are closely correlated with many severe diseases, for example, diabetes, fatty liver disease, obesity, and cancer. − Therefore, in situ and real-time monitoring of the morphology, distribution, and dynamic changes of LDs is of extreme importance for investigating their relevant pathological and physiological roles. − …”