Dynamic cues to binocular depth

Tidbury, Laurence P.; O’Connor, Anna; Wuerger, Sophie

doi:10.22599/bioj.99

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…While there is evidence for two distinct mechanisms processing these cues (CDOT and IOVD), under natural viewing conditions these two cues are unlikely to occur in isolation and performance is better when both cues are present. The more robust cue for the extraction of dynamic depth tends to be CDOT, with only small subsets of individuals able to use the IOVD cue in isolation …”

Section: Motion In Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies within our own lab have investigated the contribution of motion in depth and other dynamic cues to the detection of depth, using well‐controlled stimuli that are directly comparable . The same stimuli design and testing methodology were used for all conditions, demonstrating that depth is more apparent when an object appears to approach an observer.…”

Section: The Detection Of Depth With Changing Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one eye is needed to perceive depth due to the multitude of monocular cues to the presence of depth, such as perspective, size, and order, as well as cues that include movement, such as motion parallax and looming . Therefore it could be argued that binocular depth perception is not important and does not need to be assessed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stereoacuity is routinely measured clinically, and the tests currently used are accurate in identifying people with good levels of stereoacuity. However, a review of the literature highlights how clinical tests may incorrectly diagnose an individual as stereoblind . This is attributable to the tests’ lack of sensitivity to change and that binocular potential, in the presence of strabismus, is not fully assessed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereopsis: are we assessing it in enough depth?

O’Connor

Tidbury

2018

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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The assessment of stereoacuity is an integral part of the ophthalmic assessment, with the responses used to inform clinical management decisions. Stereoacuity impacts on many aspects of life, but there are discrepancies reported where people without measurable stereoacuity report appreciating 3‐D vision. This could be due, in part, to the presentation of the stimuli. A literature review was undertaken to evaluate current assessment techniques, how they relate to patient outcomes, identify the limitations of current tests and discuss how they could be improved. Recent evidence has been collated on currently available tests, used commonly within vision clinics, with normative data provided allowing responses to the tests to be interpreted. The relevance of the results is evaluated in relation to a range of outcomes, where a reduced level of stereopsis has a negative impact on the ability of an individual to perform many tasks, and can lead to an increase in difficulty interacting in the world. Current tests are limited in the aspects of stereoacuity they assess and their ability to precisely measure stereopsis. The world is not static, yet clinical tests are limited to measuring static stereoacuity, even though higher grades of depth perception can be identified in the presence of changing depth. Presentation methods of stereoacuity tests have remained similar over time, with a limited number of disparity levels assessed. New assessment methods are becoming available that include automated staircase testing to present multiple levels of disparity using digital technology. Current clinical tests are limited in their presentation, and are poor at detecting/measuring stereoacuity in those with limited stereopsis. Given the relevance of the stereoacuity measurement to management choices and functional outcomes, new testing methods would be beneficial to fully assess stereoacuity, both static and dynamic.

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Section: Motion In Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Detection Of Depth With Changing Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereopsis: are we assessing it in enough depth?

O’Connor

Tidbury

2018

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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The effect of induced fusional demand on static and dynamic stereoacuity thresholds: the digital Synoptophore

2019

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Background/aimsThe ability to extract depth from disparity may be hindered under fusional stress, as alignment of the eyes may be more difficult to maintain consistently. Therefore we aim to determine the effect of fusional demand on stereoacuity in individuals with no known binocular vision impairments.MethodsA novel static and dynamic binocular depth detection task, capable of assessing many discrete levels of stereoacuity, was presented on digital displays attached to each tube of the Synoptophore. Stereoacuity was measured with any latent deviation fully corrected and compared to that measured at the ‘recovery’ angle. This recovery angle is where single vision is restored after decompensation to diplopia, during vergence range assessment.ResultsSeventy-two subjects (50 Female, 22 Male; mean (SD) age 22 (6) years) were assessed. The amount of fusional demand was between 1 and 26 prism dioptres (PD), with a mean (SD) of 8(6)PD. Under zero fusion demand the mean (SD) static and dynamic depth detection thresholds were 322(53)” and 69(23)”. Under fusional stress these were 224(40)” and 77(21)”. There was no significant difference between thresholds in stressed and zero demand fusion (p = 0.08). Dynamic depth detection thresholds were significantly lower than static (P < 0.01).ConclusionFusional stress does not appear to impact on stereoacuity. The numerical value of the recovery point varied amongst individuals, but this represents a common point, where single vision is easily restored and binocularity well established. Due to individual differences in the ability to control a certain amount of fusional stress (e.g. vergences stress of 10PD, when recovery is 8PD, will perturb binocularity more than a person with a recovery of 20PD), previous reports may not accurately represent the effect of fusional stress. Whilst our findings are contrary to previous reports, we did not stress fusion beyond the recovery point and used a more accurate/repeatable method to measure stereoacuity.

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Dynamic cues to binocular depth

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Stereopsis: are we assessing it in enough depth?

Stereopsis: are we assessing it in enough depth?

The effect of induced fusional demand on static and dynamic stereoacuity thresholds: the digital Synoptophore

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