Dynamic coordination of macronutrient balance during infant growth: insights from a mathematical model

Jordan, Peter; Hall, Kevin D.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.3.692

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…17,115,116 However, these models are limited because they cannot accurately predict how a child’s body weight trajectory will change in response to an intervention, because they do not account for the dynamic energy partitioning between fat and lean tissue during various phases of growth. 117,118 Future work must address this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight

et al. 2011

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Obesity interventions can result in weight loss, but accurate prediction of the bodyweight time course requires properly accounting for dynamic energy imbalances. In this report, we describe a mathematical modelling approach to adult human metabolism that simulates energy expenditure adaptations during weight loss. We also present a web-based simulator for prediction of weight change dynamics. We show that the bodyweight response to a change of energy intake is slow, with half times of about 1 year. Furthermore, adults with greater adiposity have a larger expected weight loss for the same change of energy intake, and to reach their steady-state weight will take longer than it would for those with less initial body fat. Using a population-averaged model, we calculated the energy-balance dynamics corresponding to the development of the US adult obesity epidemic. A small persistent average daily energy imbalance gap between intake and expenditure of about 30 kJ per day underlies the observed average weight gain. However, energy intake must have risen to keep pace with increased expenditure associated with increased weight. The average increase of energy intake needed to sustain the increased weight (the maintenance energy gap) has amounted to about 0·9 MJ per day and quantifies the public health challenge to reverse the obesity epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight

et al. 2011

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“…47 Using data from Butte et al , 38,48 Jordan and Hall 47 developed models that predicted significant adaptations in macronutrient use up to 2 years of age. They showed low-fat oxidation during the period of fastest growth (initial 6 months of life) and in the presence of positive energy balance, resulting in fat deposition.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Macronutrient Interactions From Intake To Deposimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After this initial period, mathematical simulations estimated a constant level of fat intake during the first 2 years and increasing intake and oxidation of protein and carbohydrate. 47 Thus, beyond the first 6 months, with fat intake remaining unchanged, the growth of lean body mass relative to body weight accelerates. Shifting the body composition curve-based data from Butte et al 38,48 by ± 1 s.d.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Macronutrient Interactions From Intake To Deposimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…had no effect on the estimated energy intake or energy expenditure required for tissue deposition, suggesting the involvement of more complex physiologic mechanisms not explained by the model. 47 Mechanisms of fat tissue deposition are possibly developed in utero , where the fetus uses glucose as its main substrate for energy, resulting in low-fat oxidation and high lipogenesis. 47 …”

Section: Dynamics Of Macronutrient Interactions From Intake To Deposimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body composition during fetal development and infancy through the age of 5 years

et al. 2015

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Fetal body composition is an important determinant of body composition at birth, and it is likely to be an important determinant at later stages in life. The purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview by presenting data from previously published studies that report on body composition during fetal development in newborns and the infant/child through 5 years of age. Understanding the changes in body composition that occur both in utero and during infancy and childhood, and how they may be related, may help inform evidence-based practice during pregnancy and childhood. We describe body composition measurement techniques from the in utero period to 5 years of age, and identify gaps in knowledge to direct future research efforts. Available literature on chemical and cadaver analyses of fetal studies during gestation is presented to show the timing and accretion rates of adipose and lean tissues. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of fetal lean and fat mass accretion could be especially useful in the clinical setting for diagnostic purposes. The practicality of different pediatric body composition measurement methods in the clinical setting is discussed by presenting the assumptions and limitations associated with each method that may assist the clinician in characterizing the health and nutritional status of the fetus, infant and child. It is our hope that this review will help guide future research efforts directed at increasing the understanding of how body composition in early development may be associated with chronic diseases in later life.

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“…Some very detailed although very computational models have also been proposed covering skeletal muscle [46,47] and whole body metabolism [44]. There has also been simpler, more analytical, models proposed to describe whole body metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins on long time scales although these tend to focus on energy balance and weight gain [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. A recent PhD thesis developed four detailed, separate, models of metabolism covering glucose-fat interactions, hepatic glucose metabolism, postprandial lipid metabolism and adipose tissue distribution [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mathematical Model of the Human Metabolic System and Metabolic Flexibility

et al. 2014

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Abstract In healthy subjects some tissues in the human body display metabolic flexibility, by this we mean the ability for the tissue to switch its fuel source between predominantly carbohydrates in the post prandial state and predominantly fats in the fasted state. Many of the pathways involved with human metabolism are controlled by insulin, and insulin-resistant states such as obesity and type-2 diabetes are characterised by a loss or impairment of metabolic flexibility.In this paper we derive a system of 12 first-order coupled differential equations that describe the transport between and storage in different tissues of the human body. We find steady state solutions to these equations and use these results to nondimensionalise the model. We then solve the model numerically to simulate a healthy balanced meal and a high fat meal and we discuss and compare these results. Our numerical results show good agreement with experimental data where we have data available to us and the results show behaviour that agrees with intuition where we currently have no data with which to compare.

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Dynamic coordination of macronutrient balance during infant growth: insights from a mathematical model

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight

Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight

Body composition during fetal development and infancy through the age of 5 years

A Mathematical Model of the Human Metabolic System and Metabolic Flexibility

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