Position paper)As the demands for real-time distributed systems increase, the needs for programming tools useful in development of such application systems are becoming increasingly acute. An issue that the research community has long recognized as an important technological challenge but has not shown much progress in meeting the challenge is to guarantee response times of real-time distributed systems. Two basic problems must be solved to effectively meet this challenge:(1) To establish the distributed real-time program structure and the system infrastructure structure, i.e., the structure of the operating system (OS) and the communication infrastructure, that enable systematic analysis of the worst-case time behavior of the application systems; and(2) To establish a tool which performs automated analysis of the worst-case time behavior while leaving only minimal work to the designers.The problem area (1) has been recognized as a research area for a long time but only in recent years, a skeleton of a usable technical foundation started emerging. In other words, there has long been the lack of fully general and yet easily analyzable distributed realtime program structures and also the lack of useful OS timing models. However, on the basis of the skeleton emerged, a rapid progress is expected in the future toward establishment of a full technical foundation. Therefore, time seems ripe also for launching new larger-scale attacks on the problem (2) on the basis of those recent developments in handling the problem (1).
Challenging nature of the timing analysis of distributed real-time objectsEnsuring that the real-time distributed computer systems produced meet all the applicable hard deadlines is a big challenge. First of all, one cannot just rely on a certain number of test-runs of the implemented system since devising a test-case corresponding to the worst possible execution case is often very difficult. In determining the execution safety, i.e., the absence of the possibility of violating hard deadlines, an analysis of the source code and other design specifications along with descriptions of the chosen execution environment, is an inevitable approach. Then, the contributions of an OS and message communication facilities to the system response time are often difficult to determine with good accuracy.General-purpose OSs have long been known to show unpredictable timing behavior. On the other hand, specialized real-time OSs have been showing continuous improvements in predictable timing behavior. This improvement will continue for years to come and moreover, will influence the evolution of general-purpose OSs as well.Moreover, in recent years, the understanding about idealistic structures for real-time OS kernels and middleware that yield easy and systematic analysis of their worst-case service times, has been expanded substantially. Our experiences indicate that even a popular commercial general-purpose OS such as Windows NT can be configured and extended with middleware to approach the idealistic structure to a ...