Dynamic Compression Strength of Ceramics: What was Learned from an Interlaboratory Round Robin Exercise?

Swab, Jeffrey J.; Chen, W.; Hogan, James D.; Liao, Hangjie; Lo, Calvin; Mates, Steven P.; Meredith, Christopher S.; Pittari, John J.; Rhorer, Richard L.; Quinn, George D.

doi:10.1007/s40870-020-00264-6

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As the deformation continues, the cracked structure is further pulverized under dynamic compression loading. Future work will aim at investigating the test methodology using dumbbell-shaped specimen [71,84] and the numerical modeling with the currently available and further measured experimental results. Efforts will be made to develop the confined tensile test technique to reveal the potential pressure dependent tensile response in order to provide the whole picture of the tensile and compressive properties of Macor and other advanced ceramics [48,58,[85][86][87] in aerospace engineering applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading Mode and Lateral Confinement Dependent Dynamic Fracture of a Glass Ceramic Macor

Zhang

Townsend

Petrinić

et al. 2022

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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A systematic comparison of the tensile and compressive response of glass ceramic Macor, with zero porosity and low density, is carried out by using flattened Brazilian disk and cylindrical specimen from quasi-static to dynamic loading conditions. The experiments were performed on a screw driven Zwick machine and an in-house built split Hopkinson bar synchronized with a high speed photographic system. Likewise, the loading rate dependent fracture toughness is also investigated by using a notched semi-circular Brazilian disk. A digital image correlation technique is adopted to assist in the monitoring of strain field, crack initiation and propagation under dynamic loading conditions. Both tensile and compressive strength show loading rate dependencies, however, the static and dynamic tensile strengths are only 20% of the compressive strengths without confinement and less than 10% of the confined compressive strength. The microstructural characterization reveals the fracture mechanisms in unconfined Macor are predominantly transgranular with mica platelets and cleavage planes, which are influenced by the loading mode and loading rate. However, the Macor with confinement shows ductile fracture micrographs with a shear localization zone consisting of fine particles. With the use of Macor ceramic as a model material, the paper presents an economical approach to investigate the loading mode and pressure dependent failure of ceramic materials. This will support the characterization of dynamic properties of current and future developed advanced ceramics for demanding applications in the aero engine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading Mode and Lateral Confinement Dependent Dynamic Fracture of a Glass Ceramic Macor

Zhang

Townsend

Petrinić

et al. 2022

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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“…Various experimental issues could contribute to edge failure, including imperfect contact or unintended frictional forces at the specimen interfaces and eccentric loading. 34,37 The axial cracks that develop as a result of these issues are less likely to be correlated with the microcracks that initiated from the carbonaceous inclusions. In contrast, localized fragmentation is believed to be the consequence of the coalescence of microcracks that are initiated from the carbonaceous inclusions.…”

Section: Dynamic Failure Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of carbonaceous inclusions and their distributions on dynamic failure processes in boron carbide ceramics

et al. 2023

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Commercially available boron carbide ceramics typically have heterogeneous microstructures that contain distributions of processing‐induced inclusions. The inclusions that are rich in carbon (i.e., carbonaceous) govern the underlying mechanisms of brittle fracture through wing crack formation, and thus dictate the mechanical response of the ceramic. In this study, we investigate the dynamic failure of five boron carbide ceramic materials with different inclusion populations. All of the materials were prepared by hot‐pressing; four of these boron carbides contained different sizes and concentrations of carbonaceous inclusions, while one contained no carbonaceous inclusions. The heterogeneity distributions were characterized in some detail for statistical analysis using scanning electron microscopy and quantitative image analysis. A modified compression Kolsky bar setup with in situ ultra‐high‐speed microscopic imaging (10 million frames per second) was then used to study the influence of the inclusion distributions on the dynamic failure processes in these materials, at nominal high strain rates of 102–103 s−1. The in situ ultra‐high‐speed microscopy highlighted the link between micro and macroscale failure processes and demonstrated that the carbonaceous inclusions are indeed the preferential sites for nucleation of wing cracks, as previously hypothesized based on post‐mortem observations. The relative orientation of an inclusion with respect to the compression axis was shown to affect the likelihood that it would participate in crack nucleation. All of the ceramics were also found to have orientation‐dependent peak compressive stress, regardless of the presence of carbonaceous inclusions, suggesting that grain orientation distributions are also important.

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“…Meanwhile, the Co binder starts to transform with the stacking faults in the fcc structure serving as habit planes for the formation of 24 Uniaxial compression strength data for WC-Co cemented carbides has been generated using cylindrical 22,25,26 or cuboidal 20,23 specimens, but recently Klünsner and coworkers [27][28][29][30][31] have reported tensile and compressive strength values at room and elevated temperatures determined using an "hourglass-shaped" specimen. As a result of the successes using the dumbbell-shaped specimen on advanced ceramics, [7][8][9]13,[15][16][17][18][19] the quasi-static and high-rate compression strength of eight different WC hard metals, containing varying amounts of Co and having different grain sizes, was determined. The results of this effort are summarized in this paper and the information will show that the dumbbell specimen geometry can be successfully used to determine the compression strength of materials that exhibit a limited amount of inelastic strain prior to final fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of the successes using the dumbbell‐shaped specimen on advanced ceramics, 7–9,13,15–19 the quasi‐static and high‐rate compression strength of eight different WC hard metals, containing varying amounts of Co and having different grain sizes, was determined. The results of this effort are summarized in this paper and the information will show that the dumbbell specimen geometry can be successfully used to determine the compression strength of materials that exhibit a limited amount of inelastic strain prior to final fracture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the authors of this manuscript and their coworkers have successfully generated consistent and repeatable compression strength values for boron carbide (B 4 C) using the dumbbell specimen 18 . Additionally, a round robin exercise was completed where five participants determined the dynamic compression strength of a high‐purity alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) using the dumbbell specimen and their respective SHPB test units 19 . Average compression strength values between 4.4 and 4.9 GPa were obtained, and the grand repeatability (within‐lab) and reproducibility (lab‐to‐lab) precision values (expressed as a coefficient of variation in percent) were 5.8% and 7.7%, respectively, demonstrating the consistency and merit of the dumbbell specimen geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compression strength of tungsten carbide–cobalt hard metals

Swab

Pittari

2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Eight tungsten carbide (WC) materials containing different cobalt (Co) contents (3‒12 wt.%) and with different WC grain sizes (.4‒1.85 μm) were subjected to compressive loading under quasi‐static and dynamic conditions using a dumbbell‐shaped specimen geometry. The materials exhibited varying degrees of inelastic strain prior to final fracture under both loading conditions. Inelastic strain was consistent under dynamic loading but varied with Co content and WC grain size under quasi‐static loading. The only material to exhibit a strain‐rate‐dependent compression strength was the material containing the highest level of Co (12%) and the largest WC grain size (1.85 μm) indicating a potential threshold level of Co content and/or WC grain size where the compressive strength is insensitive to the strain rate.

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Dynamic Compression Strength of Ceramics: What was Learned from an Interlaboratory Round Robin Exercise?

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Loading Mode and Lateral Confinement Dependent Dynamic Fracture of a Glass Ceramic Macor

Loading Mode and Lateral Confinement Dependent Dynamic Fracture of a Glass Ceramic Macor

The effects of carbonaceous inclusions and their distributions on dynamic failure processes in boron carbide ceramics

Compression strength of tungsten carbide–cobalt hard metals

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