Dynamic characteristics of saccadic eye movements in Parkinson's disease

Jones, G. Melvill; Dejong, J D

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(71)90173-7

Cited by 65 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several studies examined saccadic initiation in parkinsonian patients and gained different findings: Shibasaki et al (1979) and White et al (1983) reported prolonged latencies, whereas Melville Jones and De Jong (1971) and Lueck et al (1990) found normal latencies in random time saccadic paradigms. An evaluation of these results is difficult because of the lack of homogeneity of patients and the absence of controls in some of the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Initiation of visual-guided random saccades and remembered saccades in parkinsonian patients with severe motor-fluctuations

Müller

Wenger

Fertl

et al. 1994

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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We studied the initiation of saccades to visual-guided random time and remembered targets in a group of nine Parkinsonian patients with severe motor fluctuations and in 9 age matched control subjects. In contrast to a marked skeletomotor improvement during the "on" condition, saccadic latencies for both visual-guided random saccades and remembered saccades were increased in the patients during the "on" condition compared to the "off" condition. This result of dissociation between skeletomotor and oculomotor function indicates that common concepts of saccadic initiation in parkinsonian patients do not hold true in patients with severe fluctuations since dopaminergic stimulation seems to increase saccadic latencies in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Initiation of visual-guided random saccades and remembered saccades in parkinsonian patients with severe motor-fluctuations

Müller

Wenger

Fertl

et al. 1994

J Neural Transm Gen Sect

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“…These subjects were 67 years old or older and showed normal findings, not only in physical and neurological examinations, but also on computed tomographic scannings. The multistep saccades have been seen in patients with Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and olivopontocerebellar atrophy [b, 8,12,15,231. The present study suggests that these abnormal eye movements can occur in subjects without any signs of neurological disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abnormal ocular movements have been reported in patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy {6, 8,12,15,23). In evaluating such patients it is necessary to discriminate abnormal ocular movements caused by a degenerative brain disease from those caused by nonpathological changes in brain tissue associated with aging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of aging on the accuracy of visually guided saccadic eye movement

Warabi

Kase

Kato

1984

Annals of Neurology

111

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Changes in oculomotor behaviors with aging were studied in normal young and elderly subjects. Saccadic eye movements induced by presentation of a visual target were analyzed. Elderly subjects commonly showed an elongation of the time to locate the target, accompanied by an increase in reaction times (mean increase, 100 ms) and a decrease in saccadic velocities. The decrease in the velocity was particularly notable when a large-amplitude saccade was executed. In spite of the slowed motor responses, most elderly subjects preserved the function necessary to execute a correct saccade toward the visual target. The saccadic slowing was accompanied by an increase in saccade duration. Although a longer time was necessary for elderly subjects to locate the target, the accuracy of the initial saccades was not different from that of young subjects. One group of elderly subjects showed extremely long reaction times. These subjects, displaying no abnormal neurological symptoms, were not able to locate the visual target with initial saccades. They had to execute multistep saccades typically seen in patients with degenerative neurological diseases.

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“…The findings of impairment of saccades in PD patients goes back to the work of Jones and DeJong [23], who reported that the patients abnormally often make grossly undershooting saccades when following repetitive target jumps and even more when performing selfpaced saccades (also [11,25,27,35]; overview, [7]). Remarkably, basic saccade measures such as latency and peak velocity are in the normal range unless the patients are severely affected [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

What is pathological with gaze shift fragmentation in Parkinson's disease?

Kimmig

Haußmann

Mergner

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurology

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Oculomotor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly characterized by a fragmentation of memory-guided gaze shifts (target is reached by several hypometric saccades). Since this phenomenon can also be observed in normal subjects, we scrutinized its pathophysiological significance in PD patients. We recorded horizontal eye movements in eleven mildly- or moderately-affected PD patients and eleven control subjects. A quantitative assessment of gaze shift fragmentation was made possible by increasing its incidence over a sequence of two visually- and two subsequent memory-guided gaze shifts. Basic saccade measures (latency, velocity, etc.) were similar in the two subject groups as well as in fragmented versus non-fragmented gaze shifts. Fragmentation probability is increased in the second memory-guided gaze shift, and this clearly more so in patients than in controls. The fragmentation shows a typical gain pattern (uniform increase of gain of saccadic amplitudes across correction saccades towards 1.0 with the last saccade of the gaze shift) independent of subject group, stimulus mode, and fragmentation degree. Gaze shift fragmentation represents a physiological phenomenon, which has thus far been overlooked. It reflects a robust correction mechanism, which assures that target is reached even if the pre-oculomotor drive through the basal ganglia to the superior colliculus becomes abnormally weak or under inadequately strong inhibition - as is postulated for PD. Thus, only the abnormally high incidence of fragmentation, and of the associated amplitude reduction of the primary saccades, rather than the phenomenon per se, can be used as a diagnostic criterion in early stages of PD.

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Dynamic characteristics of saccadic eye movements in Parkinson's disease

Cited by 65 publications

References 20 publications

Initiation of visual-guided random saccades and remembered saccades in parkinsonian patients with severe motor-fluctuations

Initiation of visual-guided random saccades and remembered saccades in parkinsonian patients with severe motor-fluctuations

Effect of aging on the accuracy of visually guided saccadic eye movement

What is pathological with gaze shift fragmentation in Parkinson's disease?

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