Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Antibodies in Patients With COVID-19: A 13-Month Study

Shi, Danrong; Weng, Tian-Hao; Wu, Jie; Dai, Chen; Luo, Ran; Chen, Keda; Zhu, Miaojin; Lu, Xiangyun; Cheng, Linfang; Chen, Qiuqiang; Liu, Fumin; Wu, Zhigang; Wu, Haibo; Jin, Changzhong; Guo, Miao; Chen, Zhe; Wu, Nanping; Yao, Hang‐Ping; Zheng, Min

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.708184

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, the titers and neutralizing activity decline rapidly within 1-6 months and, in some patients, the NAbs are completely undetectable several months after infection [15]. Surprisingly, in some convalescents, the titer and activity of the NAbs remain high and stable, respectively extensively beyond the follow-up period after recovery [16]. In this study, NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 98.0% of study participants, 6 months after discharge from the hospital, despite individual differences in the levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19

Pang

Yin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The rate of decline in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) greatly varies among patients who recover from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, little is known about factors associated with this phenomenon. The objective of this study is to investigate early factors at admission that can influence long-term NAb levels in patients who recovered from COVID-19. A total of 306 individuals who recovered from COVID-19 at the Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, were included in this study. The patients were classified into two groups with high (NAbhigh, n = 153) and low (NAblow, n = 153) levels of NAb, respectively based on the median NAb levels six months after discharge. The majority (300/306, 98.0%) of the COVID-19 convalescents had detected NAbs. The median NAb concentration was 63.1 (34.7, 108.9) AU/mL. Compared with the NAblow group, a larger proportion of the NAbhigh group received corticosteroids (38.8% vs. 22.4%, p = 0.002) and IVIG therapy (26.5% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.033), and presented with diabetes comorbidity (25.2% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.004); high blood urea (median (IQR): 4.8 (3.7, 6.1) vs. 3.9 (3.5, 5.4) mmol/L; p = 0.017); CRP (31.6 (4.0, 93.7) vs. 16.3 (2.7, 51.4) mg/L; p = 0.027); PCT (0.08 (0.05, 0.17) vs. 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) ng/mL; p = 0.001); SF (838.5 (378.2, 1533.4) vs. 478.5 (222.0, 1133.4) μg/L; p = 0.035); and fibrinogen (5.1 (3.8, 6.4) vs. 4.5 (3.5, 5.7) g/L; p = 0.014) levels, but low SpO2 levels (96.0 (92.0, 98.0) vs. 97.0 (94.0, 98.0)%; p = 0.009). The predictive model based on Gaussian mixture models, displayed an average accuracy of 0.7117 in one of the 8191 formulas, and ROC analysis showed an AUC value of 0.715 (0.657–0.772), and specificity and sensitivity were 72.5% and 67.3%, respectively. In conclusion, we found that several factors at admission can contribute to the high level of NAbs in patients after discharge, and constructed a predictive model for long-term NAb levels, which can provide guidance for clinical treatment and monitoring.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19

Pang

Yin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Data on durability of N-IgG antibodies after COVID-19 are conflicting. The group by Shi et al looked at the different dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time [ 7 ]. After one year, most of the antibodies, including IgA and IgM antibodies against viral spike and nucleocapsid protein dropped below detection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In theory, anti-SARS-CoV-2-nucleocapsid-IgG antibodies (N-IgG) can therefore be used to identify individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies have shown that seroconversion for N-IgG occurs in nearly 100% of hospitalized patients one month after infection [ 7 , 8 ]. Little is known about the durability of these antibody levels, which is crucial to know for future seroprevalence studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The humoral immune response more than one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: low detection rate of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies via Euroimmun ELISA

et al. 2022

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Purpose Antibody assays against SARS-CoV-2 are used in sero-epidemiological studies to estimate the proportion of a population with past infection. IgG antibodies against the spike protein (S-IgG) allow no distinction between infection and vaccination. We evaluated the role of anti-nucleocapsid-IgG (N-IgG) to identify individuals with infection more than one year past infection. Methods S- and N-IgG were determined using the Euroimmun enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two groups: a randomly selected sample from the population of Stuttgart, Germany, and individuals with PCR-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants were five years or older. Demographics and comorbidities were registered from participants above 17 years. Results Between June 15, 2021 and July 14, 2021, 454 individuals from the random sample participated, as well as 217 individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mean time from positive PCR test result to antibody testing was 458.7 days (standard deviation 14.6 days) in the past infection group. In unvaccinated individuals, the seroconversion rate for S-IgG was 25.5% in the random sample and 75% in the past infection group (P = < 0.001). In vaccinated individuals, the mean signal ratios for S-IgG were higher in individuals with prior infection (6.9 vs 11.2; P = < 0.001). N-IgG were only detectable in 17.1% of participants with past infection. Predictors for detectable N-IgG were older age, male sex, fever, wheezing and in-hospital treatment for COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities. Conclusion N-IgG is not a reliable marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection after more than one year. In future, other diagnostic tests are needed to identify individuals with past natural infection.

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“…Our previous research found similar results. At 1 year (213-416 days post-symptom onset, PSO), the residual positive rate of RBD-IgM was 7.1%, whereas S2 and N-IgM were both 0% (22).…”

Section: Igmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection antibody responses

et al. 2022

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly throughout the world, causing severe morbidity and mortality. Since the first reports of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, research on the characteristics of specific humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 has made great progress. However, our knowledge of persistent humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited. The existence of protective immunity after infection will affect future transmission and disease severity. Therefore, it is important to gather knowledge about the kinetics of antibody responses. In this review, we summarize the information obtained so far on the characteristics and kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection of specific humoral immune response, especially in neutralizing antibodies and their relationship with disease severity. In addition, with the emergence of variants of concern, we summarize the neutralizing effect of specific humoral immunity on variants of concern after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.

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Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Antibodies in Patients With COVID-19: A 13-Month Study

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19

Patient and Clinical Factors at Admission Affect the Levels of Neutralizing Antibodies Six Months after Recovering from COVID-19

The humoral immune response more than one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection: low detection rate of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies via Euroimmun ELISA

Kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection antibody responses

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