Dynamic characterisation of pressure transducers using shock tube methods

Knott, Andy; Robinson, Ian

doi:10.1177/0142331219880700

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The pressure change caused by the reflection of the shock wave from the end wall of the driven section can be considered to be an almost ideal step change with a rise time of the order of 1 ns [11]. This makes shock tubes suitable for the calibration of sensors for high-frequency dynamic pressure changes, which are used in a wide range of applications in the aerospace and automotive industries, robotics and production engineering [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. Furthermore, it is clear from (1) that the metrological traceability of time-varying pressure is established by measurements of p1, T1 and W determined by the time-of-flight (TOF) method, which makes the shock tube an ideal candidate for a primary high-frequency, time-varying, pressure calibration standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Castro,

Kutin,

Svete

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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To develop a measurement system for calibrating high-frequency dynamic pressure that is capable of acting as a primary dynamic pressure calibration standard, a new concept of the shock tube, called the diaphragmless shock tube, has recently been developed. In most such shock tubes the diaphragm is replaced with a commercially available, ISTA KB fast-opening valve. In this article a numerical model was built in OpenFOAM to investigate the effects of the opening mechanism of ISTA KB-40-100 fast-opening valve on the formation of the shock wave in a shock tube with an internal radius of 20 mm. Numerical simulations were performed for the driver-driven pressure ratio of 40 and the valve-opening speeds of 5 m/s, 10 m/s and 20 m/s, which were compared with the case of instantaneous valve opening, and the results predicted by the ideal shock tube theory. The observed variables were the mass flow through the valve, as well as the pressure, the temperature and the shock wave velocity in the formation region behind the valve. The results show that when the shock wave undergoes an initial acceleration, the shock front accelerates more at higher opening speeds of the valve. The results also show that the valve-opening mechanism generates a series of reflection waves that propagate into the driven section, giving the shock wave velocity an oscillatory character, which can affect the calibration and measurement capability of the shock tube as a primary high-frequency, time-varying, pressure calibration standard.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Castro,

Kutin,

Svete

2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…The fact that the uncertainty of the shock wave velocity represents a major component of the uncertainty of the pressure step has been confirmed also by other authors. In [ 35 ], the uncertainty contribution of the shock wave velocity without considering the uncertainty related to the deceleration of the shock waves was estimated to be approximately 80%, while, in [ 36 ], the same authors estimated the uncertainty contribution of the shock wave velocity, by considering also the uncertainty related to the deceleration of the shock waves, to be approximately 95%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Dynamic Response of a Side-Wall Pressure Measurement System on Determining the Pressure Step Signal in a Shock Tube Using a Time-of-Flight Method

Svete

Castro

Kutin

2022

Sensors

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Technological progress demands accurate measurements of rapidly changing pressures. This, in turn, requires the use of dynamically calibrated pressure meters. The shock tube enables the dynamic characterization by applying an almost ideal pressure step change to the pressure sensor under calibration. This paper evaluates the effect of the dynamic response of a side-wall pressure measurement system on the detection of shock wave passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors installed along the shock tube. Furthermore, it evaluates this effect on the reference pressure step signal determined at the end-wall of the driven section using a time-of-flight method. To determine the errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the centers of the side-wall sensors, a physical model for simulating the dynamic response of the complete measurement chain to the passage of the shock wave was developed. Due to the fact that the use of the physical model requires information about the effective diameter of the pressure sensor, special attention was paid to determining the effective diameter of the side-wall pressure sensors installed along the shock tube. The results show that the relative systematic errors in the pressure step amplitude at the end-wall of the shock tube due to the errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors are less than 0.0003%. On the other hand, the systematic errors in the phase lag of the end-wall pressure signal in the calibration frequency range appropriate for high-frequency dynamic pressure applications are up to a few tens of degrees. Since the target phase measurement uncertainty of the pressure sensors used in high-frequency dynamic pressure applications is only a few degrees, the corrections for the systematic errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors with the use of the developed physical dynamic model are, therefore, necessary when performing dynamic calibrations of pressure sensors with a shock tube.

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“…In the field of explosion protection, even the relevant standards [16,17] explicitly say that the specification of measurement uncertainty for the pressure is not required. Measurement uncertainty for other applications of dynamic pressure has been discussed, for instance, for the lowerpressure regime [18,19] like the much shorter pulses observed in shock tubes [20,21]. Such short pulses require an explicit consideration of the dynamics of the sensor and the subsequent measurement chain [2,20,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurement uncertainty for other applications of dynamic pressure has been discussed, for instance, for the lowerpressure regime [18,19] like the much shorter pulses observed in shock tubes [20,21]. Such short pulses require an explicit consideration of the dynamics of the sensor and the subsequent measurement chain [2,20,[22][23][24][25]. For the type of pulses considered here, there is no need to apply a fully dynamic treatment of measurement uncertainty, because the resonance frequency of the sensors of interest lies well above 10 kHz, much higher than the Fourier frequencies contained in a smooth millisecond pulse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement uncertainty of a measurement system for dynamic pressure in the kbar regime

Slanina

Wynands

2021

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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We have characterized the measurement uncertainty of a setup for the dynamic measurement of pressure pulses with amplitudes in the low kbar range and with millisecond duration. The uncertainty is closely proportional to pressure, with a magnitude of 0.34% (coverage factor k = 1). In particular, we treat the safety-critical application of measuring the pressure inside an ammunition cartridge during firing, where a target uncertainty of 3% has been set by the Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms.

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Dynamic characterisation of pressure transducers using shock tube methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Effects of the Opening Speed of the Valve in a Diaphragmless Shock Tube for Metrological Purposes

Effect of the Dynamic Response of a Side-Wall Pressure Measurement System on Determining the Pressure Step Signal in a Shock Tube Using a Time-of-Flight Method

Measurement uncertainty of a measurement system for dynamic pressure in the kbar regime

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