Dynamic changes of the luminal and mucosa-associated gut microbiota during and after antibiotic therapy with paromomycin

Abstract

(2015) Dynamic changes of the luminal and mucosa-associated gut microbiota during and after antibiotic therapy with paromomycin, Gut Microbes, 6:4, 243-254, DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10. 1080/19490976.2015 Keywords: 16S rRNA gene, antibiotics, lumen, microbiota, mucosaGut microbiota play a key role in the host's health system. Broad antibiotic therapy is known to disrupt the microbial balance affecting pathogenic as well as host-associated microbes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of antibiotic paromomycin on the luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota at the DNA (abundance) and RNA (potential activity) level as well as to identify possible differences. The influence of antibiotic treatment on intestinal microbiota was investigated in 5 healthy individuals (age range: 20-22 years). All participants received the antibiotic paromomycin for 3 d. Fecal samples as well as sigmoidal biopsies were collected before and immediately after cessation of antibiotic treatment as well as after a recovery phase of 42 d. Compartment-and treatment statusspecific indicator operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as well as abundance-and activity-specific patterns were identified by 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries and high-throughput pyrosequencing. Microbial composition of lumen and mucosa were significantly different at the DNA compared to the RNA level. Antibiotic treatment resulted in changes of the microbiota, affecting the luminal and mucosal bacteria in a similar way. Several OTUs were identified as compartment-and/or treatment status-specific. Abundance and activity patterns of some indicator OTUs differed considerably. The study shows fundamental changes in composition of gut microbiota under antibiotic therapy at both the potential activity and the abundance level at different treatment status. It may help to understand the complex processes of gut microbiota changes involved in resilience mechanisms and on development of antibiotic-associated clinical diseases.

Metagenomic Analysis of Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Gut Microbiota in a Pregnant Rat Model

“…Antibiotics substantially reduced species diversity; as broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt microbial balance, affecting pathogenic as well as host-associated microbes ( Heinsen et al, 2015 ). The lowest species diversity was observed in the PCef group.…”

Effects of Antibiotics on Gut Microbiota

“…Within days after antibiotic treatment, profound compositional effects on luminal and mucosal bacteria with decreased taxonomic richness [12,17] alongside significant upregulation of resistance genes - even to non-administered drug classes - are noted [18,19], which may last for years [13,20]. These ‘microbiome architecture disturbing effects' of antibiotics can occur direct or indirect, as broad spectrum antibiotics also target related non-pathogenic strains resulting in an overgrowth of certain taxa and elevated levels of resistance strains [13,20].…”

Current Sampling Methods for Gut Microbiota: A Call for More Precise Devices

“…Endoscopic biopsy provides a way to investigate mucosal microbiota composition in different anatomical sites of the GI tract. The mucosal microbiota is thought to be important to the host because they are in contact with intestinal-related lymphoid tissue (Heinsen et al, 2015).…”