Dynamic changes of serum metabolites associated with infection and severity of patients with acute hepatitis E infection

Abstract

Dynamic changes in metabolites may affect liver disease progression, and provide new methods for predicting liver damage. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy to assess serum metabolites in healthy controls (HC), and patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE) or hepatitis E virus acute liver failure (HEV-ALF). The principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and discriminant analysis of orthogonal projections to latent structures models illustrated significant differences in the metabolite components between AHE patients and HCs, or between HEV-ALF and AHE patients. In pathway enrichment analysis, we further identified two altered pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, when comparing AHE patients with HCs. Linoleic acid metabolism and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways were significantly different in HEV-ALF when compared with AHE patients. The discriminative performances of differential metabolites showed that taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, and docosahexaenoic acid could be used to distinguish HEV-ALF from AHE patients. The serum levels of glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, and docosahexaenoic acid

The burden of HEV related acute liver failure in the developing world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Gut microbiota and its metabolites was recently found to be involved in the change of immune system, may participating in the development of HEV-ALF [24] . Moreover, several studies also focused on the diagnostic and prognostic markers of HEV-ALF, which indicated that low platelets and dynamic changes of serum metabolites may associated with the severity of HEV infection and prognosis of HEV-ALF [25][26][27] . Current treatment strategies for HEV-ALF usually involve fundamental supporting critical care, arti cial liver support and liver transplantation, which often cause high medical expenditure and usually not available in resource limited regions [1,10] .…”

Serum extracellular vesicle‐derived ASS1 is a promising predictor for the occurrence of HEV‐ALF

“…Definition of HEV‐ALF: (1) abnormal liver function (prothrombin activity ≤40% or international normalized ratio [INR] ≥1.5), jaundice and hepatic atrophy in 2 weeks; (2) stage 2 or 3 encephalopathy complicating end‐stage disease; and (3) without chronic liver disease. Exclusion criteria: (1) co‐infection with other hepatitis virus, and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); (2) with other liver disease not caused by viral hepatitis; (3) incomplete data 20,21 …”

Advances in the application of molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of infectious disease pathogens (Review)

“…of genetic and genomic research, molecular diagnostic techniques focused on nucleic acid detection have provided new methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, with a short turnaround time and high sensitivity. Molecular diagnostic techniques can not only detect multiple pathogens, but can also analyze drug resistance genes of pathogens and pathogen homology analysis, and have gradually become an important tool in the early diagnosis of infectious diseases (10)(11)(12). At present, the commonly used molecular diagnostic techniques for infectious diseases include PCR, isothermal amplification reaction, gene chip technology and high-throughput sequencing technology.…”

“…NASBA is an efficient, isothermal amplification method developed by Compton in 1991 (73). The amplification reaction was performed at 41˚C, and the 100-to 250-bp nucleic acid target sequence was amplified ~10 12 times within 90 min (74). The NASBA reaction mixture involves three enzymes, T7 RNA polymerase, RNase H and avian myeloblast virus reverse transcriptase, which selectively and rapidly amplify RNA in the presence of background DNA, with good sensitivity, making NASBA most suited for the analysis of RNA samples (Fig.…”