Dynamic changes in pod and fungal physiology associated with the shift from biotrophy to necrotrophy during the infection of Theobroma cacao by Moniliophthora roreri

Bailey, Bryan A.; Crozier, Jayne; Sicher, Richard C.; Strem, Mary D.; Melnick, Rachel L.; Carazzolle, Marcelo Falsarella; Costa, Gustavo G.L.; Pereira, Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães; Zhang, David; Maximova, Siela N.; Guiltinan, Mark J.; Meinhardt, Lyndel W.

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2012.11.005

Cited by 35 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Thinner mycelia are produced in necrotic tissues (Fig. B) (Bailey et al ., ). Clamp connections and dikaryotic mycelia, which easily identify the NTP of Mp (Evans, ), are missing in Mr .…”

Section: Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 97%

“… Unique aspects of Moniliophthora roreri growth. Moniliophthora roreri hyphae in infected pods at different stages of disease (Bailey et al ., ). (A) Biotrophic hyphae from inside malformed green pods of cacao clone Matina.…”

Section: Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The initial transcriptional profiling experiment with Mr considered both plant and pathogen sides of the biotrophic/necrotrophic shift in a susceptible interaction (Bailey et al ., ). Changes in pod gene expression were obvious at 30 days post‐inoculation (dpi) (late BTP), increasing in intensity at 60 dpi (NTP).…”

Section: Plant–pathogen Interactions: the Biotrophic/necrotrophic Shiftmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The available nutrients are found within the intercellular matrix and the cell wall, and include complex carbohydrates, such as pectin, cellulose and lignin, in addition to other dilute metabolites (Meinhardt et al ., ). A shift in fungal gene expression (File S1, see Supporting Information) occurred between the BTP and NTP (Bailey et al ., ; Meinhardt et al ., ). Although more genes showed preferential expression during NTP, induction during BTP included more highly expressed genes (File S1) (Meinhardt et al ., ).…”

Section: Plant–pathogen Interactions: the Biotrophic/necrotrophic Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In planta , the biotrophic mycelia can be much thicker than the necrotrophic mycelia (Fig. A) (Bailey et al ., ) and resemble Mp biotrophic mycelia (Evans, ; Griffith and Hedger, ; Meinhardt et al ., ). Thinner mycelia are produced in necrotic tissues (Fig.…”

Section: Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of cacao frosty pod rot

Bailey

Evans

Phillips‐Mora

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…Thinner mycelia are produced in necrotic tissues (Fig. B) (Bailey et al ., ). Clamp connections and dikaryotic mycelia, which easily identify the NTP of Mp (Evans, ), are missing in Mr .…”

Section: Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Plant–pathogen Interactions: the Biotrophic/necrotrophic Shiftmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Plant–pathogen Interactions: the Biotrophic/necrotrophic Shiftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Moniliophthora roreri, causal agent of cacao frosty pod rot

Bailey

Evans

Phillips‐Mora

et al. 2018

Molecular Plant Pathology

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Selection and validation of reference genes for accurate RT-qPCR gene expression normalization in cacao beans during fermentation

Wever

Coninck

Everaert

et al. 2021

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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To date, little attention has been paid to the genotypic plasticity and influence of the fermentation process on gene functions and biological processes in cacao beans. The primary tools for such analyses are gene expression studies with reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). While this is a well-appreciated technique, it is only reliable when considering the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines, which is unfortunately barely applied in plant sciences and non-existent in cacao-related studies. In this study, an appropriate from bean to RT-qPCR protocol was developed. In total, sixty-five candidate reference gene (RG) assays were validated. These assays were either adopted from literature (traditional "housekeeping" genes) or based on RNA-sequencing data (novel). After validation, three novel reference genes (SUGP1, NAP1, SGT1) were recommended for normalization of gene expression within fermented cacao beans. The suitability of the novel candidates surpassed the traditional housekeeping genes. In addition, these assays seemed largely unaffected by RNA integrity. This is the first study to establish a standardized RT-qPCR workflow on cacao beans during fermentation, facilitating future studies. We recommend similar MIQE-based approaches for future gene expression studies on other organisms for miscellaneous objectives.

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