Dynamic Changes in Breast Milk Microbiome in the Early Postpartum Period of Kenyan Women Living with HIV Are Influenced by Antibiotics but Not Antiretrovirals

Maqsood, Rabia; Skidmore, Peter T; Holland, LaRinda A; Au, Joshua L; Khan, Adam K; Wu, Lily I.; Ma, Ningxin; Begnel, Emily R; Chohan, Bhavna; Adhiambo, Judith; John‐Stewart, Grace; Kiarie, James; Kinuthia, John; Chung, Michael H.; Richardson, Barbra A.; Slyker, Jennifer A.; Lehman, Dara A.; Lim, Efrem S.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02080-21

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Unlike previous studies that mostly included patients from China, our study included Kenyan participants, infants, and women living with HIV. Another nding consistent with other studies was the association between antibiotic use signi cant dissimilarity in bacterial beta diversity among women [55][56][57] . Additionally, we found that both HIV and SARS-CoV-2 have impact on the gut microbiome as has been found in previous studies 8, 17,18,20,58,59 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Gut virome and microbiome dynamics before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in women living with HIV and their infants

Maqsood,

Holland,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Microbiome perturbations can have long-term effects on health. The dynamics of the gut microbiome and virome in women living with HIV (WLHIV) and their newborn infants is poorly understood. Here, we performed metagenomic sequencing analyses on longitudinal stool samples including 23 mothers (13 WLHIV, 10 HIV-negative) and 12 infants that experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection with mild disease, as well as 40 mothers (18 WLHIV, 22 HIV-negative) and 60 infants that remained SARS-CoV-2 seronegative throughout the study follow-up. Regardless of HIV or SARS-CoV-2 status, maternal bacterial and viral profiles were distinct from infants. Using linear mixed effects models, we showed that while the microbiome alpha diversity trajectory was not significantly different between SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative women. However, seropositive women’s positive trajectory while uninfected was abruptly reversed after SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.015). However, gut virome signatures of women were not associated with SARS-CoV-2. Alterations in infant microbiome and virome diversities were generally not impacted by SARS-CoV-2 but were rather driven by development. We did not find statistically significant interactions between HIV and SARS-CoV-2 on the gut microbiome and virome. Overall, our study provides insights into the complex interplay between maternal and infant bacterial microbiome, virome, and the influence of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Gut virome and microbiome dynamics before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in women living with HIV and their infants

Maqsood,

Holland,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The relative abundances of these dominant genera changed over time, with Staphylococcus declining in abundance while Streptococcus and Veillonella increased. This is similar to the trajectory in breastmilk microbiota composition reported in Kenya [ 26 ]. The infant salivary microbiota is known to be colonized by Streptococcus [ 27 , 28 ], such that the continued dominance of Streptococcus in maternal breastmilk may partly reflect breastmilk-saliva interplay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Association Between Maternal Breastmilk Microbiota Composition and Rotavirus Vaccine Response in African, Asian, and European Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Mandolo

Parker

Bronowski

et al. 2023

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background Maternal breastmilk is a source of pre- and pro-biotics that impact neonatal gut microbiota colonisation. Since oral rotavirus vaccines (ORVs) are administered at a time when infants are often breastfed, breastmilk microbiota composition may have a direct or indirect influence on vaccine take and immunogenicity. Methods Using standardised methods across sites, we compared breastmilk microbiota composition in relation to geographic location and ORV response in cohorts prospectively followed up from birth to 18 weeks of age in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the UK (n = 60). Results Breastmilk microbiota diversity was higher in India and Malawi than the UK across three longitudinal samples spanning weeks of life 1 to 13. Dominant taxa such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were consistent across cohorts; however, significant geographic differences were observed in the prevalence and abundance of common and rare genera throughout follow-up. No consistent associations were identified between breastmilk microbiota composition and ORV outcomes including seroconversion, post-dose 1 vaccine shedding, and/or post-vaccination rotavirus-specific IgA level. Conclusions Our findings suggest that breastmilk microbiota composition may not be a key factor in shaping trends in ORV response within or between countries.

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“…The relative abundances of these dominant genera changed over time, with Staphylococcus declining in abundance from week 1 of life onwards, while Streptococcus and Veillonella increased in abundance. This is similar to the trajectory in breastmilk microbiota composition reported in Kenya [26]. The infant salivary microbiota is known to be colonised by Streptococcus [27,28], such that the continued dominance of Streptococcus in maternal breastmilk may partly reflect breastmilk-saliva interplay throughout early life.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Association between maternal breastmilk microbiota composition and rotavirus vaccine response in African, Asian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study

Mandolo

Parker

Bronowski

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background. Maternal breastmilk is a source of pre- and pro-biotics that impact neonatal gut microbiota colonisation. Since oral rotavirus vaccines (ORVs) are administered at a time when infants are often breastfed, breastmilk microbiota composition may have a direct or indirect influence on vaccine take and immunogenicity. Methods. Using standardised methods across sites, we compared breastmilk microbiota composition in relation to geographic location and ORV response in cohorts prospectively followed up from birth to 18 weeks of age in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the UK (n = 60). Results. Breastmilk microbiota diversity was higher in India and Malawi than the UK across three longitudinal samples spanning weeks of life 1 to 13. Dominant taxa such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were consistent across cohorts; however, significant geographic differences were observed in the prevalence and abundance of common and rare genera throughout follow-up. No significant associations were identified between breastmilk microbiota composition and ORV outcomes including seroconversion, post-dose 1 vaccine shedding, and/or post-vaccination rotavirus-specific IgA level. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that breastmilk microbiota composition may not be a key factor in shaping trends in ORV response within or between countries.

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Dynamic Changes in Breast Milk Microbiome in the Early Postpartum Period of Kenyan Women Living with HIV Are Influenced by Antibiotics but Not Antiretrovirals

Abstract: Breastfeeding has important benefits for long-term infant health, particularly in establishing and shaping the infant gut microbiome. However, the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy exposure and antibiotics on the breast milk microbiome in women living with HIV is not known.

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Gut virome and microbiome dynamics before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in women living with HIV and their infants

Gut virome and microbiome dynamics before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection in women living with HIV and their infants

Association Between Maternal Breastmilk Microbiota Composition and Rotavirus Vaccine Response in African, Asian, and European Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study

Association between maternal breastmilk microbiota composition and rotavirus vaccine response in African, Asian, and European infants: a prospective cohort study

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