Dynamic carbon surface chemistry: Revealing the role of carbon in electrolytic water oxidation

Ding, Yuxiao; Gu, Qingqing; Klyushin, Alexander Yu.; Huang, Xing; Choudhury, Sakeb Hasan; Spanos, Ioannis; Song, Feihong; Mom, Rik V.; Düngen, Pascal; Mechler, Anna K.; Schlögl, Robert; Heumann, Saskia

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2019.12.006

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The oxygen functional groups on the highly graphitic carbon surface have the ability to trap ppb levels of iron impurity from the electrolyte. [25] The newly formed iron species on the carbon surface provide the real active sites for OER and protect the carbon from deep oxidation. [25] The carbon oxidation and impurity issues should also be considered in those heteroatom-doped carbon materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metal‐Free Electrode: From Biomass‐Derived Carbon to Hydrogen

et al. 2020

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Hydrogen is the emission‐free fuel of the future if produced from non‐fossil sources. Biomass gasification or electrolysis of water are possible clean routes. For a global application, the material solution for the electrodes must be sustainable, scalable, and relatively inexpensive compared to the current precious metal‐based electrodes. A key requirement to sustainable and green energy systems is that all harmful or rare resources utilized in the process must be part of a closed material cycle. Here, a carbon‐based electrode for hydrogen production is presented that can be part of a closed material cycle if produced from biomass. Continuous hydrogen production takes place at the cathode through catalytic water splitting during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), while intentionally allowing the decomposition of the electrode into CO2 analogous to the process of natural biomass decomposition. This strategy of a sacrificial electrode could provide a scalable and low‐cost material solution for hydrogen production from renewable energy sources. The theoretical and technical feasibility of using carbon to produce hydrogen is demonstrated, and it is shown that chemical modification can further improve the performance characteristics towards the catalytic process. Combined with renewable energy derived electricity, this idea offers a real option for future energy systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metal‐Free Electrode: From Biomass‐Derived Carbon to Hydrogen

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, the content of these functional groups on the activated carbon can be changed, and the selective adsorption capacity to specic substances is also Acid modication technique is the oxidation treatment of activated carbon with oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid, and hypochlorous acid under appropriate conditions. [151][152][153][154] The functional groups on the surface of activated carbon are oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and lactone groups, which are introduced through the oxidation pathway. [155][156][157] The introduction of carboxyl groups on the surface of biomass-derived activated carbon will play an important role in the adsorption of metal ions.…”

Section: Modication Of Biomass-derived Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review

Wang

Lan

et al. 2023

RSC Adv.

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“…[42] Afterward, various catalysts based on pristine carbon materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, as well as mixed carbon material catalysts including nitrogen-doped carbon, sulfur-doped carbon, fluorine-doped carbon, carbon oxide and sulfides, have been reported. [43][44][45] They have been demonstrated to possess high catalytic activity and selectivity in the 2e − pathway ORR for the production of H 2 O 2 . The modified carbon-based catalysts can effectively control the cleavage of the OO bonds by altering the chemisorption characteristics of O 2 .…”

Section: Defects Engineering and Heteroatom Functionalization Of Carb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production

et al. 2021

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epoxidation agent, its demand in the semiconductor industry has rapidly increased. Global H 2 O 2 production reached 5.5 million metric tons in 2015 and is expected to grow further, to 6.5 million metric tons by 2022. [5] The substantial demand for H 2 O 2 resulting from global public health safety challenges has also made H 2 O 2 one of the most vitally important products worldwide. [6][7][8][9][10] In traditional industries H 2 O 2 is predominantly produced via the indirect energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Riedl et al. first proposed this method, employing expensive Pd catalysts, to continuously loop the redox of H 2 and O 2 of 2-alkyl anthraquinone. [11] However, the process suffers from serious challenges. The simultaneous utilization of hydrogen and oxygen causes safety hazards during gas transportation and storage, [12] and additional distillation purification and separation steps are needed to ensure that the H 2 O 2 concentration reaches 70 wt%, to reduce transportation costs. [13] As an alternative method to avoid those problems, H 2 and O 2 can be used to directly produce H 2 O 2 in a small-scale catalytic process. [14][15][16] However, the large concentrations of H 2 and O 2 co-existing in the chamber can lead to a flammable and explosive environment. For this reason, they are typically diluted with N 2 or CO 2 . That process limits H 2 O 2 production, and further increases production costs, which makes it unsuitable for large-scale commercial Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is an environment-friendly and efficient oxidant with a wide range of applications in different industries. Recently, the production of hydrogen peroxide through direct electrosynthesis has attracted widespread research attention, and has emerged as the most promising method to replace the traditional energy-intensive multi-step anthraquinone process. In ongoing efforts to achieve highly efficient large-scale electrosynthesis of H 2 O 2 , carbon-based materials have been developed as 2e − oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, with the benefits of low cost, abundant availability, and optimal performance. This review comprehensively introduces the strategies for optimizing carbon-based materials toward H 2 O 2 production, and the latest advances in carbon-based hybrid catalysts. The active sites of the carbonbased materials and the influence of coordination heteroatom doping on the selectivity of H 2 O 2 are extensively analyzed. In particular, the appropriate design of functional groups and understanding the effect of the electrolyte pH are expected to further improve the selective efficiency of producing H 2 O 2 via the oxygen reduction reaction. Methods for improving catalytic activity by interface engineering and reaction kinetics are summarized. Finally, the challenges carbon-based catalysts face before they can be employed for commercial-scale H 2 O 2 production are identified, and prospects for designing novel electrochemical reactors are proposed.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be f...

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Dynamic carbon surface chemistry: Revealing the role of carbon in electrolytic water oxidation

Cited by 19 publications

References 24 publications

A Metal‐Free Electrode: From Biomass‐Derived Carbon to Hydrogen

A Metal‐Free Electrode: From Biomass‐Derived Carbon to Hydrogen

Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review

Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production

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