“…Several studies have set out to describe the water behaviour across the LCST of pNIPAM (gels) using, e. g., neutron scattering (Maccarrone et al, 2014;Hammouda et al, 2015;Niebuur et al, 2019), dielectric spectroscopy (Shiraga et al, 2015;Vijayakumar et al, 2022;Balachandar et al, 2023), differential scanning calorimetry (Lai et al, 2013) and molecular dynamics simulations (Podewitz et al, 2019). An inherent problem of these approaches is that the water fraction interacting with the polymer is small in the dilute or semi-dilute regimes and, hence, it is difficult to single out signal contributions, which directly inform about the pNIPAMwater interaction.…”