Dynamic balance assessment during gait in spinal pathologies – A literature review

Simon, Anne; Ilharreborde, Brice; Souchet, Philippe; Kaufman, Kenton R.

doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2014.11.021

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The margin of stability is specifically developed as a measure of dynamic stability (Pai and Patton, 1997 ; Hof et al, 2005 ). Recently, this measure has often been used to predict gait stability in different subject groups (Denommé et al, 2014 ; Lin et al, 2015 ; Matsubara et al, 2015 ; Nagano et al, 2015 ; Simon et al, 2015 ) including children with cerebral palsy (Dixon et al, 2016 ). It is calculated as the shortest distance from the extrapolated center of mass to the borders of the base of support (Pai and Patton, 1997 ; Hof et al, 2005 ; Hof, 2008 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Arm Swing Affects Gait Stability and Increased Walking Speed Alters Trunk Movements in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Delabastita

Desloovere

Meyns³

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Observational research suggests that in children with cerebral palsy, the altered arm swing is linked to instability during walking. Therefore, the current study investigates whether children with cerebral palsy use their arms more than typically developing children, to enhance gait stability. Evidence also suggests an influence of walking speed on gait stability. Moreover, previous research highlighted a link between walking speed and arm swing. Hence, the experiment aimed to explore differences between typically developing children and children with cerebral palsy taking into account the combined influence of restricting arm swing and increasing walking speed on gait stability. Spatiotemporal gait characteristics, trunk movement parameters and margins of stability were obtained using three dimensional gait analysis to assess gait stability of 26 children with cerebral palsy and 24 typically developing children. Four walking conditions were evaluated: (i) free arm swing and preferred walking speed; (ii) restricted arm swing and preferred walking speed; (iii) free arm swing and high walking speed; and (iv) restricted arm swing and high walking speed. Double support time and trunk acceleration variability increased more when arm swing was restricted in children with bilateral cerebral palsy compared to typically developing children and children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Trunk sway velocity increased more when walking speed was increased in children with unilateral cerebral palsy compared to children with bilateral cerebral palsy and typically developing children and in children with bilateral cerebral palsy compared to typically developing children. Trunk sway velocity increased more when both arm swing was restricted and walking speed was increased in children with bilateral cerebral palsy compared to typically developing children. It is proposed that facilitating arm swing during gait rehabilitation can improve gait stability and decrease trunk movements in children with cerebral palsy. The current results thereby partly support the suggestion that facilitating arm swing in specific situations possibly enhances safety and reduces the risk of falling in children with cerebral palsy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricted Arm Swing Affects Gait Stability and Increased Walking Speed Alters Trunk Movements in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Delabastita

Desloovere

Meyns³

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Poor body segmental alignment as a result of AIS has been associated with increased lateral displacement of the body's center of mass (COM) [12], affecting the body's dynamic balance during walking. The AIS has also been shown to affect gait mechanics, including temporal-distance parameters, ground reaction forces and kinematics of the lower limb joints [8,[13][14][15]. Such kinematic changes are thought to be a compensatory mechanism for maintaining wholebody balance during gait [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered balance control in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during obstructed gait

Lee

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal deformity during adolescence, leading to altered postural control with compromised stability. To identify the effects of AIS on whole-body balance control during obstacle-crossing, 14 adolescents with Lenke 1 thoracic AIS and 14 healthy controls were compared in terms of the inclination angle (IA) of the body's center of mass (COM) relative to the center of pressure (COP), the rate of change of IA (RCIA) and the jerk index of IA. Between-side comparisons were also performed for the AIS group. The patients showed less smooth COM-COP motion in the sagittal plane with significantly increased anterior RCIA and IA jerk index during crossing with either the concave side (p = 0.001) or the convex side (p = 0.001) leading when compared to healthy controls. In the frontal plane, the patients showed close-to-zero RCIA (p = 0.002) while crossing with the leading limb, with an increased IA magnitude (p = 0.039) only while crossing with the concave-side limb leading. The patients with Lenke 1 thoracic AIS were found to cross obstacles with altered, compromised COM-COP control in both sagittal and frontal planes when compared to healthy controls. The results suggest that the thoracic spinal deformity in Lenke 1 AIS affects the whole-body balance control during obstaclecrossing, which should be monitored for signs of increased risk of loss of balance in the management of such patient groups.

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“…Besides that, Xsens MVN has been widely used in gait analysis [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 32 ], in which margin of stability (MOS, determined by COM or XCOM position relative to BOS boundaries), step width and length (related to side length of BOS) are important outcome measures [ 40 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] of gait stability. Actually, MOS reflects the COM-BOS interaction, and is influenced by voluntary changes in two gait parameters (step width and length) and can be increased by longer steps (larger anterior-posterior BOS) and wider steps (larger medial-lateral BOS) [ 41 , 48 , 49 ]. In addition, BOS-related gait parameters, step width and length, themselves, were also important measures for gait analysis [ 31 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Base of Support Using an Inertial Sensor Based Motion Capture System

Guo

Xiong

2017

Sensors

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The potential of miniature inertial sensors for human balance and gait analysis appears promising. Base of support (BOS), together with its interaction with center of mass, is a critical indicator in above mentioned research fields. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of Xsens MVN BIOMECH, a commercial widely used inertial sensor-based motion capture system, for measuring static BOS and examine the effect of different task complexity on the accuracy. Eleven young males participated in this study and went through eleven different experimental tasks. Results showed there were considerable errors in estimating BOS area (error ranged from −12.6% to +64.6%) from Xsens MVN and a large error in foot separation distance when there was knee flexion. The estimated BOS area from MVN was smaller than the ground truth from footprint when there was no knee flexion, and larger when there was knee flexion, and it increased monotonically along with the knee flexion angles. Wrongly estimated foot separations, mainly caused by knee flexion, and the initial system estimation error on BOS, were two major reasons for error and instability of BOS estimation. The findings suggested that caution should be taken when using Xsens MVN BIOMECH to estimate BOS and foot position-related measurements, especially for postures/motions with knee flexion.

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Dynamic balance assessment during gait in spinal pathologies – A literature review

Abstract: Level IV.

Cited by 28 publications

References 74 publications

Restricted Arm Swing Affects Gait Stability and Increased Walking Speed Alters Trunk Movements in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Restricted Arm Swing Affects Gait Stability and Increased Walking Speed Alters Trunk Movements in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Altered balance control in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis during obstructed gait

Accuracy of Base of Support Using an Inertial Sensor Based Motion Capture System

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