Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow

Gaume, Johan; Gast, Theodore; Teran, Joseph; Herwijnen, Alec van; Jiang, Chenfanfu

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05181-w

Cited by 119 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In other words, the postfailure behavior in case of collapse should be seen as the response to a boundary value problem rather than an intrinsic constitutive feature of the material. This may have important consequences for the modeling of collapse wave propagation in slab avalanche release (Gaume et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snow Failure Modes Under Mixed Loading

Mede

Chambon

Hagenmuller

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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The mechanical response of snow to mixed‐mode shear and normal loading is the key ingredient for snow avalanche modeling and strongly depends on microstructural characteristics. A discrete element numerical model was developed, which enables the simulation of large‐strain response of snow samples directly described by their full microstructure obtained through X‐ray microtomography. The model offers new insights into the failure mechanism as well as postfailure response of snow in mixed‐mode loading. Three distinct failure modes are identified, depending on the value of applied normal stress. Above a certain threshold normal stress, the failure is characterized by a structural collapse that decomposes the snow sample into a set of cohesionless grains. It is shown that the collapse is a dynamic process, which, once initiated, develops independently of shearing. This behavior was consistently observed for different snow types, including faceted crystals typically composing weak layers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in the constitutive modeling of snow and the use of Material Point Method showcase promising perspectives for the simulation of snow avalanche release (Gaume et al, ). The results obtained with the DEM approach proposed here clearly confirm the assumption of closed failure envelopes made in the latter study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow Failure Modes Under Mixed Loading

Mede

Chambon

Hagenmuller

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The results are in good agreement with experimentally obtained critical crack lengths and also with deformations derived from particle tracking velocimetry (Bobillier et al, 2018). The very recent model proposed by Gaume et al (2018) uses the framework of the material point method with a plastic flow rule for hardening which is modified to account for local softening of the weak layer. In their model, the volumetric plastic strain of the porous weak layer controls the energy dissipation of the fracture process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak layer failure – Part II: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks

Rosendahl¹,

Weißgraeber²

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Using the analytical model presented in part I of this two-part paper, a new conceptual understanding of anticrack nucleation in weak layers is proposed. To obtain a sufficient condition for onset of failure two necessary conditions must be satisfied simultaneously: i) The weak layer must be overloaded in terms of stress and ii) the initiating crack must release enough energy for the formation of new surfaces. This so-called coupled criterion was proposed by Leguillon (2002) [Eur J Mech-A Solid, 21(1), 61–72, 2002]. No assumptions on initial defects within the weak layer are needed. Instead, the failure criterion provides both critical loading and the size of initiating cracks. It only requires the fundamental material properties strength and fracture toughness as inputs. Crack initiation and subsequent propagation are covered by a single criterion containing both a strength-of-materials and a fracture mechanics condition. Analyses of skier-loaded snowpacks show the impact of slab thickness and slope angle on critical loading and crack initiation length. In the limit cases of very thick slabs and and very steep slopes we obtain natural avalanche release. A discussion of different mixed-mode stress and energy criteria reveals that a wrong choice of mixed-mode hypotheses can yield unphysical results. The effect of material parameters such as density and compliance on weak layer collapse is illustrated. The framework presented in this two-part series harnesses the efficiency of closed-form solutions to provide fast and physically sound predictions of critical snowpack loads using a new conceptual understanding of mixed-mode weak layer failure. It emphasized the importance of both stress and energy in avalanche release.

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“…Particle properties and positions are updated according to this solution, as illustrated in Figure 1. To solve Equation 12 at every time step, the integrals in Equation 11 have to be evaluated. Since the material properties are only known at the particle positions, these positions are used as integration points for the numerical quadrature, and the particle volumes V are adopted as integration weights.…”

Section: Solution Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of B-spline Material Point Method for unstructured triangular grids using Powell–Sabin splines

et al. 2020

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The Material Point Method (MPM) is a numerical technique that combines a fixed Eulerian background grid and Lagrangian point masses to simulate materials which undergo large deformations. Within the original MPM, discontinuous gradients of the piecewise-linear basis functions lead to so-called 'grid-crossing errors' when particles cross element boundaries. Previous research has shown that B-spline MPM (BSMPM) is a viable alternative not only to MPM, but also to more advanced versions of the method that are designed to reduce the grid-crossing errors. In contrast to many other MPM-related methods, BSMPM has been used exclusively on structured rectangular domains, considerably limiting its range of applicability. In this paper, we present an extension of BSMPM to unstructured triangulations. The proposed approach combines MPM with C 1 -continuous highorder Powell-Sabin (PS) spline basis functions. Numerical results demonstrate the potential of these basis functions within MPM in terms of grid-crossing-error elimination and higher-order convergence.

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Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow

Cited by 119 publications

References 57 publications

Snow Failure Modes Under Mixed Loading

Snow Failure Modes Under Mixed Loading

Modeling snow slab avalanches caused by weak layer failure – Part II: Coupled mixed-mode criterion for skier-triggered anticracks

Extension of B-spline Material Point Method for unstructured triangular grids using Powell–Sabin splines

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