Dynamic and thermal effects on surface airflow associated with southerly changes over the South Island, New Zealand

A Comparative Review of the Weather and Climate of the Southern Alps of New Zealand and the European Alps

“…They are frequently oriented northwest-southeast, while the Southern Alps are oriented northeast-southwest (schematic A in Figure 3a). These cold fronts frequently accelerate northward along the eastern side of the mountains (Sturman et al 1990;Smith et al 1991;Sturman 1992), as suggested by previous conceptual models of frontal deformation (Smith 1986) (schematic B in Figure 3a). This phenomenon is locally called a southerly change and is typically marked by a sudden FIGURES 3A AND B Examples of the interaction of cold fronts with the mountains in both alpine areas: (a) the South Island of New Zealand, (b) the European Alps.…”

Direct and Indirect Effects of Mountain Heights on Heavy Rainfall in the Hokitika Region of New Zealand

“…To the east side of the South Island at the surface, cold southerlies and south-easterlies were found behind the cold front (Figure 4). The cold front over land on the east of the South Island moved faster toward the north than that on the west, and had a southwest to northeast orientation, which is a typical orientation for cold fronts over the South Island [39,[43][44][45].…”

The Lake Tekapo Experiment (LTEX): An Investigation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Processes in Complex Terrain

“…Clearly the winds of this area evince several different processes interacting on a range of time-and space scales. Such interaction is common in New Zealand (McKendry et al 1986;Sturman 1992;McGowan and Sturman 1996a;McGowan et al 1995) and includes dynamically channeled flow that penetrates complex terrain and local wind fields affected by numerous surface forcing factors. Localized wind systems, slope flows, mountainvalley winds, and lake-land breezes superimpose on more extensive foehn and mountain-plain (and landsea) effects that link the Lake Tekapo area with other parts of the South Island (McGowan et al 1995;McGowan and Sturman 1996a).…”