Dynamic and stochastic modeling for a closed-loop automotive supply chain under fuel issue and government intervention: A case study

Closing the Gap: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature on Closed-Loop Supply Chains

“…Notably, Fander and Yaghoubi [53] introduced a novel stochastic game model for a closed-loop automotive supply chain, incorporating both static and dynamic fuel considerations. Compared with the authors' previous work [6] that focused on low-consumption cars, this study offers a more comprehensive analysis, emphasizing the dynamic approach's effectiveness in decision-making.…”

“…Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) [14,15,18,20,21,26] Stochastic programming (SP) [30,53] Meta-heuristics [22] Stackleberg game [45,47,49,51,52] Nash game [50] Nash-bargaining game model [46] Variational Inequality Method (IV) [24] Hybrid techniques SP, MILP [44] Robust probabilistic, two-phase fuzzy…”

“…Max profit [26,49] Max net profit [21,30] Max sum of economic and environmental benefits [14] Min total system costs [36] Min cost [16,42] Multi-objective Min cost and CO2 emissions [15,17,20,29,44,57] Min cost, min lost sales [41] Max profit, min CO2 emissions [34] Min costs, max job employment [18] Min cost, pollution and human risk [7] Max profit and customer satisfaction [38,45] Min total cost, environmental impact [43] Max system profit, min CO2 emissions [40] Min hybrid of the weighted expected, max and EVaR of the cost function [39] Max profit, min CO2 emissions, determining optimal price [53] Min cost and CO2 emissions, max job opportunities [2,22] [40] Min hybrid of the weighted expected, max and EVaR of the cost function [39] Max profit, min CO 2 emissions, determining optimal price [53] Min cost and CO 2 emissions, max job opportunities [2,22] Max profit and job opportunities, min energy consumption [23] Min costs and risks, max waste collection convenience [33] Min cost and environmental impact, max employment, min lost sales, max procurement value from suppliers [32] Max profit and social benefits, min environmental impact [8,31] Min cost and CO 2 emissions, max positive qualitative factors [19] Min cost, min environmental impacts, max social benefit [27] Max importance of suppliers, min CO 2 emissions, defect rates and withdrawal of surface water by suppliers…”

Applications of plastics in the automotive industry: Current trends and future perspectives

“…84,85 Collaboration among automakers, recyclers, and material suppliers is essential in establishing closed-loop supply chains that promote a circular approach, wherein materials circulate within the system rather than being disposed of as waste. [86][87][88] Another indispensable tool in the automotive industry's sustainability toolkit is the adoption of life cycle assessment (LCA) and eco-design principles. LCA serves as a comprehensive and invaluable tool for evaluating the environmental impact of automotive materials and products across their entire lifecycle.…”

“…Such strategies facilitate the recycling and reusing of automobile components, reducing waste, and conserving valuable resources 84,85 . Collaboration among automakers, recyclers, and material suppliers is essential in establishing closed‐loop supply chains that promote a circular approach, wherein materials circulate within the system rather than being disposed of as waste 86–88 …”