Dynamic and Efficient Spectrum Utilization for 6G With THz, mmWave, and RF Band

Jain, Preksha; Gupta, Akhil; Kumar, Neeraj; Guizani, Mohsen

doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3215487

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… Enhanced user experience: 6G networks are projected to enhance the user experience by amplifying the capabilities of extended reality, augmented reality, virtual reality, and AI [ 35 ]. Increased spectral efficiency: 6G networks are expected to offer spectral and network efficiency ten times greater than that of 5G networks [ 36 ]. Ubiquitous connection: 6G networks are expected to provide enormous broadcasting data and to support more than 1 million connections, which is a hundred times more than current 5G networks [ 37 ].…”

Section: Features Of 6gmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

Chataut,

Nankya,

Akl

2024

Sensors

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In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless communication, each successive generation of networks has achieved significant technological leaps, profoundly transforming the way we connect and interact. From the analog simplicity of 1G to the digital prowess of 5G, the journey of mobile networks has been marked by constant innovation and escalating demands for faster, more reliable, and more efficient communication systems. As 5G becomes a global reality, laying the foundation for an interconnected world, the quest for even more advanced networks leads us to the threshold of the sixth-generation (6G) era. This paper presents a hierarchical exploration of 6G networks, poised at the forefront of the next revolution in wireless technology. This study delves into the technological advancements that underpin the need for 6G, examining its key features, benefits, and key enabling technologies. We dissect the intricacies of cutting-edge innovations like terahertz communication, ultra-massive MIMO, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), quantum communication, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Through a meticulous analysis, we evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and state-of-the-art research in these areas, offering a wider view of the current progress and potential applications of 6G networks. Central to our discussion is the transformative role of AI in shaping the future of 6G networks. By integrating AI and ML, 6G networks are expected to offer unprecedented capabilities, from enhanced mobile broadband to groundbreaking applications in areas like smart cities and autonomous systems. This integration heralds a new era of intelligent, self-optimizing networks that promise to redefine the parameters of connectivity and digital interaction. We also address critical challenges in the deployment of 6G, from technological hurdles to regulatory concerns, providing a holistic assessment of potential barriers. By highlighting the interplay between 6G and AI technologies, this study maps out the current landscape and lights the path forward in this rapidly evolving domain. This paper aims to be a cornerstone resource, providing essential insights, addressing unresolved research questions, and stimulating further investigation into the multifaceted realm of 6G networks. By highlighting the synergy between 6G and AI technologies, we aim to illuminate the path forward in this rapidly evolving field.

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Section: Features Of 6gmentioning

confidence: 99%

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

Chataut,

Nankya,

Akl

2024

Sensors

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“…Since Metarobotics is comparatively characterized by an ultra-dense and heterogeneous mobility of citizens with an on-demand and reliable proximity to remote robotized applications, as pursued by Humotics, it needs to accommodate requirements set to network capacity and energy budget (see table I). One approach to achieve this goal is to leverage non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), millimeter Wave (mmWave), and Terahertz (THz) channels propelled by a base station caching and an application-dependent selection of channels [17]. Channels for signal transmission of the downlink mentioned in table I are assumed to be adaptively selected as a function of e.g.…”

Section: B Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Channels for signal transmission of the downlink mentioned in table I are assumed to be adaptively selected as a function of e.g. the transmission rate requirement of the application (e.g., 1 Tbps for Holoportation is associated with a Terahertz channel) in Metarobotics to enhance the spectral efficiency, still following [17]. Ultra-low latency, high data rates, and reliability of 6G mentioned in table I align with the Quality of Service (QoS) required by Metarobotics to control the motion and force-sensitiveness of most robots in closed feedback loops.…”

Section: B Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metarobotics for Industry and Society: Vision, Technologies, and Opportunities

Kaigom

2024

IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

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Metarobotics aims to combine next generation wireless communication, multi-sense immersion, and collective intelligence to provide a pervasive, itinerant, and non-invasive access and interaction with distant robotized applications. Industry and society are expected to benefit from these functionalities. For instance, robot programmers will no longer travel worldwide to plan and test robot motions, even collaboratively. Instead, they will have a personalized access to robots and their environments from anywhere, thus spending more time with family and friends. Students enrolled in robotics courses will be taught under authentic industrial conditions in real-time. This paper describes objectives of Metarobotics in society, industry, and in-between. It identifies and surveys technologies likely to enable their completion and provides an architecture to put forward the interplay of key components of Metarobotics. Potentials for self-determination, self-efficacy, and work-life-flexibility in robotics-related applications in Society 5.0, Industry 4.0, and Industry 5.0 are outlined.

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“…The evolving landscape of wireless communication [1][2][3], driven by the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm [4,5], has catalyzed the development of next-generation communication (5G/6G) networks [6,7]. With escalating demands for bandwidth and data rates, the promising sub-millimeter-wave (sub-mmW) and terahertz (THz) [8,9] frequencies have emerged as focal points for research and development in this domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the adoption of THz frequencies in 6G phased array beam steering enables other innovative applications, e.g., climate forecasting and early warning by meteorological radar wherein electronic beam steering may replace conventional mechanical rotation methods, hence offering enhanced agility and responsiveness. However, this transition presents various technical hurdles, including signal propagation challenges [15], particularly the power efficiency concerns [6,8], as well as the design complexity in antenna arrays and the beamforming algorithms [7,9]. As such, the integration of THz technology into radar or communication systems necessitates comprehensive research efforts to address these challenges and unlock the full potential of this emerging frontier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling 0.3 THz Coaxial Single-Mode Phase Shifter Designs in Liquid Crystals with Constitutive Loss Quantifications

Li,

2024

Crystals

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This work proposes and examines the feasibility of next-generation 0.3 THz phase shifters realized with liquid crystals (LCs) as tunable dielectrics coaxially filled in the transmission line. The classic coaxial transmission line topology is robust to electromagnetic interference and environmental noise, but is susceptible to higher-order modes from microwave to millimeter-wave towards terahertz (THz) wavelength ranges, which impedes the low-insertion-loss phase-shifting functionality. This work thus focuses primarily on the suppression of the risky higher-order modes, particularly the first emerging TE11 mode impacting the dielectric loss and metal losses in diverse manners. Based on impedance matching baselines at diverse tuning states of LCs, this work analytically derives and models two design geometries; i.e., design 1 for the coaxial geometry matched at the isotopically referenced state of LC for 50 Ω, and design 2 for geometry matched at the saturated bias of LC with the maximally achievable permittivity. The Figure-of-Merit for design 1 and design 2 reports as 35.15°/dB and 34.73°/dB per unit length, respectively. We also propose a constitutive power analysis method for understanding the loss consumed by constitutive materials. Notably, for the 0.3 THz design, the isotropic LC state results in an LC dielectric loss of 63.5% of the total input power (assuming 100%), which becomes the primary constraint on achieving low-loss THz operations. The substantial difference in the LC dielectric loss between the isotropic LC state and saturated bias state for the 0.3 THz design (35.76% variation) as compared to that of our past 60 GHz design (13.5% variation) indicates that the LC dielectric loss’s escalating role is further enhanced with the rise in frequency, which is more pronounced than the conductor losses. Overall, the results from analytical and finite-element optimization in this work shape the direction and feasibility of the unconventional THz coaxial phase shifting technology with LCs, actioned as continuously tunable dielectrics.

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Dynamic and Efficient Spectrum Utilization for 6G With THz, mmWave, and RF Band

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges

Metarobotics for Industry and Society: Vision, Technologies, and Opportunities

Modeling 0.3 THz Coaxial Single-Mode Phase Shifter Designs in Liquid Crystals with Constitutive Loss Quantifications

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