Dynamic analysis of oral <i><scp>C</scp>andida</i> carriage, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility in <scp>HIV</scp>‐infected patients during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy in <scp>G</scp>uangxi, <scp>C</scp>hina

Jiang, Longfeng; Yong, Xiangzhi; Li, Runying; Peng, Yuanyuan; Liu, Wei; Qin, Qi‐Long; Zhang, Linlin; Liu, Zhenmin; Liang, Hao; Tao, Renchuan

doi:10.1111/jop.12192

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The effect of highly active ART on the risk of Candida colonization in HIV-infected has been described elsewhere. While a slight decrease [34] or no effect [5,10] on oropharyngeal yeast colonization in patients receiving ART has been reported, other authors also observed a protective effect of ART treatment regimens [7,11]. On the other hand, higher oropharyngeal Candida carriage has been detected in ART-treated HIVinfected individuals [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the prevalence of asymptomatic colonization of oral mucous is higher, approaching 80% [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Importantly, colonization of skin and mucous membranes with Candida species is an important risk factor that predisposes to candidiasis [12], whose clinical manifestations range from mucosal to life-threatening disseminated infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors

Paula

Morey

Santos

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Host colonization by Candida species is an important predisposing factor to candidiasis, which seems to be more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Knowledge about the distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence of oral Candida isolates is important for effective management of candidiasis. Methodology: Oral rinses were collected from 242 HIV-infected patients without clinical evidence of candidiasis seen at the AIDS referral center in Londrina, Brazil. Species were identified by standard phenotypic and molecular methods, and characterized in vitro according to antifungal susceptibility, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, and enzyme activities. Results: Oral Candida colonization was detected in 50.4% of patients and combined use of antiretroviral therapy and protease inhibitor had a protective effect against colonization. Candida albicans (75.2%) was the most prevalent species. A high proportion of Candida spp. (39.9%) showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. Five isolates were resistant to nystatin. Protease and phospholipase activities were detected in 100% and 36.8% of isolates, respectively. Most isolates displayed a hydrophobic property that was associated with biofilm formation ability. Conclusions: A significant number of oral Candida species exhibiting decreased susceptibility to fluconazole were isolated from colonized HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, all isolates expressed potential virulence attributes in vitro. Given the high incidence and severity of fungal infections in HIV-infected individuals, the results of this study reinforce the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing, which contributes to therapeutic strategies and highlights the need for continuous surveillance of Candida colonization in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors

Paula

Morey

Santos

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Opportunistic fungal infections have rapidly emerged as a major driver for mortality in immunocompromised individuals (Brown et al., ). Oral candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in HIV‐infected subjects (de Repentigny, Lewandowski, & Jolicoeur, ), especially in patients with CD4 + T cell counts below 200/mm 3 or a high viral load (>3,000 copies/ml) (Jiang et al., ; Tappuni & Fleming, ; Zhang et al., ). In our study, the HIV/AIDS patients were ready to begin ART with low CD4 + T cell counts, which could be the explanation for high prevalence of OC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary human beta‐defensins affected by oral Candida status in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART

et al. 2018

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“…Similarly, Ranganathan and coworkers reported 81.88 × 10 3 and 3.6 × 10 3 CFU ml −1 in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative individuals, respectively (Ranganathan et al , ). Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated subtype, and this trend is reported from various parts of the world (Mercante et al , ; Erkose and Erturan, ; Ranganathan et al , ; Delgado et al , ; Pignato et al , ; Kantheti et al , ; Owotade et al , ; Jiang et al , ; Thanyasrisung et al , ).…”

Section: Questionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The species prevalence after Candida albicans appears to show a global variation among HIV‐positive subjects. In China, Candida parapsilosis was commonly found (Jiang et al , ) unlike in Taiwan, Thailand, and South Africa where Candida dubliniensis was reported (Wu et al , ; Owotade et al , ; Thanyasrisung et al , ). Candida tropicalis prevalence followed that of Candida albicans in India and Nigeria (Ranganathan et al , ; Nweze and Ogbonnaya, ), whereas Candida krusei and Candida glabrata were reported from Italy and Brazil (Back‐Brito et al , ; Pignato et al , ).…”

Section: Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections in HIV: therapy and emerging problems – a workshop report

et al. 2016

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Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections are recognized features of HIV infection even after four decades of the epidemic. The therapeutic options, challenges of therapy, and evolving patterns of opportunistic infections were evaluated by the workshop. It was observed that high Candida counts and infection are still more prevalent in HIV‐positive individuals even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, one or more non‐Candida albicans are present in some HIV‐positive individuals. While Candida species are more virulent in HIV infection, similar virulence may be present in other states of immunosuppression. Consequently, the interplay between host factors and virulence ultimately determines the clinical outcomes. Adverse clinical outcomes such as candidemia and other deep fungal infections are on the increase in HIV infection. Disseminated histoplasmosis and penicilliosis have been reported, especially with low CD4 counts. Even with advances in antifungal therapy, mortality and morbidity from deep fungal infections have not changed significantly. In addition, long‐term exposure to common antifungal drugs such as fluconazole has led to the development of antifungal resistance in 6% to 36%. Development of new antifungal therapeutic agents and the use of alternative therapies may offer breakthrough. In addition, effective strategies to enhance the host immune status are being explored.

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Dynamic analysis of oral Candida carriage, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility in HIV‐infected patients during the first year of highly active antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi, China

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors

Salivary human beta‐defensins affected by oral Candida status in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART

Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections in HIV: therapy and emerging problems – a workshop report

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