Dynamic analysis of a planetary gear failure caused by tooth pitting and cracking

Chaari, Fakher; Fakhfakh, Tahar; Haddar, Mohamed

doi:10.1361/154770206x99343

Cited by 146 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Fit to the local maxima using a cubic spline, obtaining the empirical envelope e i (t). 4. Normalize the residual signal r i−1 (t) using the empirical envelope e i (t), obtaining the normalized residual r i (t) =…”

Section: Empirical Am-fm Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Gearbox Fault diagnosis via Joint Amplitude and Frequency Demodulation Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition

2017

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Abstract:Planetary gearbox vibration signals have strong modulation features due to the amplitude modulation and frequency modulation (AM-FM) effect of gear faults, as well as the amplitude modulation (AM) effect of time-varying vibration transfer paths, on gear meshing vibrations. This results in an involute sidebands structure in Fourier spectrum, possibly misleading fault diagnosis. The modulating frequency of both amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) parts is closely related to the gear fault characteristic frequency. This inspires the idea of joint amplitude and frequency demodulation analysis, thus addressing the complex sidebands issue inherent in Fourier spectrum. Demodulation analysis requires mono-component signals for accurate estimation of instantaneous frequency, and proper selection of an AM-FM component sensitive to gear fault. To this end, we firstly decompose the complex signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) via variational mode decomposition (VMD), by exploiting its capability in decomposing complex modulated signal into constituent AM-FM components. For effective application of VMD in complex planetary gearbox signal analysis, we propose a method to determine a key parameter in VMD, i.e., the number of IMFs to be separated. For accurate instantaneous frequency estimation, we decompose IMFs via empirical AM-FM decomposition, to remove the influence of AM on instantaneous frequency estimation. Then, we select the sensitive IMF that contains the main gear fault information for further demodulation analysis. In order to properly select the sensitive IMF, we propose a criterion based on the gear vibration characteristics and the VMD properties. Finally, we obtain the amplitude and frequency demodulated spectra by applying Fourier transform to the amplitude envelope and instantaneous frequency of the selected sensitive IMF. According to the characteristics exhibited in the demodulated spectra, we can detect planetary gearbox fault. The proposed method is illustrated via a numerical simulated planetary gearbox vibration signal, and is further validated using lab experimental vibration signals of a planetary gearbox. Faults on all the three types of gear (sun, planet and ring) are successfully identified.

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Section: Empirical Am-fm Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Gearbox Fault diagnosis via Joint Amplitude and Frequency Demodulation Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition

2017

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“…However, loss of tooth is reflected by a qualitative proportional reduction of tooth's stiffness, relating to its damage (Chaari et al, 2006(Chaari et al, , 2008Walha, Louati, Fakhfakh, & Haddar, 2005). TB is a common tooth fault, which is simulated by taking into account the geometric changes due to the fracture severity.…”

Section: Varying Meshing Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional effects on the dynamic responses of gear systems and the diagnostics of tooth breakages

Brethee

Ball

2016

Systems Science & Control Engineering

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To develop accurate diagnostic techniques, this study examines the dynamic responses of spur gear transmission system with including frictional effects on a tooth mesh process. An 8-degreeof-freedom model is developed to include the effects of supporting bearings, a driving motor and a loading system. Moreover, it takes into account not only the time-varying stiffness, but also the time-varying forces and moments due to the frictional effect. The latter causes additional vibration responses in the direction of the off-line-of-action (OLOA). To show the quantitative effect of the friction, vibration responses are simulated under different friction coefficients. It shows that an increase in friction coefficient value causes a nearly linear increase in the vibration features of diagnostics. However, features from torsional responses and the principal responses in the line-of-action show less changes in the vibration level, whereas the most significant increasing is in the OLOA direction. Furthermore, the spectral peaks at the rotational and sideband frequencies are influenced significantly by small breakage defects, especially when the friction effect is taken into account. In addition, the second and third harmonics of the mesh frequency are more influenced than the first harmonic component for all motions, which can be effective features for both indicating lubrication deterioration and improving conventional diagnostic features. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Analytical methods can be a good alternative to model tooth failures. Some literature focuses on the tooth stiffness reduction due to damage by considering qualitative proportional reduction [9][10][11][12][13][14]. This research is based on the analytical method.…”

Section: Physical Model Of Planetary Gears With Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. The detailed procedure to calculate mesh stiffness can be found in Reference [9,10]. Referring to Fig.…”

Section: Physical Model Of Planetary Gears With Tooth Pittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitting Damage Levels Estimation for Planetary Gear Sets Based on Model Simulation and Grey Relational Analysis

Cheng

et al. 2011

Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering

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The planetary gearbox is a critical mechanism in helicopter transmission systems. Tooth failures in planetary gear sets will cause great risk to helicopter operations. A gear pitting damage level estimation methodology has been devised in this paper by integrating a physical model for simulation signal generation, a three-step statistic algorithm for feature selection and damage level estimation for grey relational analysis. The proposed method was calibrated firstly with fault seeded test data and then validated with the data of other tests from a planetary gear set. The estimation results of test data coincide with the actual test records, showing the effectiveness and accuracy of the method in providing a novel way to model based methods and feature selection and weighting methods for more accurate health monitoring and condition prediction.Keywords: planetary gear sets; pitting damage; feature selection; grey relational analysis; damage level estimation. TITRE FRANÇAIS DE L'ARTICLE (MAXIMUM DEUX LIGNES) RÉSUMÉLe résumé français est obligatoire. Évidement, si l'article est rédigé en français, le titre principal et le résumé principal sont en français. Par contre, il ne faut pas traduire le texte « Received…Accession Number 0000 ».Mots-clés : premier mot-clé; deuxième mot-clé; troisième mot-clé. INTRODUCTIONThe majority of mishaps in helicopters are caused by engine and drive train failures. To reduce these mechanically induced failures and excessive maintenance, it is vital to accurately identify and diagnose developing faults in the mechanical system. Planetary gear sets are common mechanical components and are widely used to transmit power and change speed and/or direction in rotary aircrafts. One of the most common causes of planetary gear sets failure is tooth defect due to excessive stress conditions. It results in progressive damage to gear teeth and ultimately leads to the complete failure of the planetary gear sets. This fault is particularly challenging as it is located deep inside the main transmission, suggesting it would be difficult to detect earlier.

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Dynamic analysis of a planetary gear failure caused by tooth pitting and cracking

Cited by 146 publications

References 10 publications

Planetary Gearbox Fault diagnosis via Joint Amplitude and Frequency Demodulation Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition

Planetary Gearbox Fault diagnosis via Joint Amplitude and Frequency Demodulation Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition

Frictional effects on the dynamic responses of gear systems and the diagnostics of tooth breakages

Pitting Damage Levels Estimation for Planetary Gear Sets Based on Model Simulation and Grey Relational Analysis

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