In the development of software systems, quality properties should be considered along with the development process so that the qualities of software systems can be inferred and predicted at the specification and design stages and be evaluated and verified at the deployment and execution stages. However, distributed autonomous software entities are developed and maintained independently by third parties and their executions and qualities are beyond the control of system developers. In this study, the notion of an autonomous component is used to model an independent autonomous software entity. An autonomous component encapsulates data types, associated operations and quality properties into a uniform syntactical unit, which provides a way to reason about the functional and non-functional properties of software systems and meanwhile offers a means of evaluating and assuring the qualities of software systems at runtime. This study also describes the implementation and running support of autonomous components and studies a case application system to demonstrate how autonomous components can be used to improve the qualities of the application system. www.ietdl.org † Manage the information related to required external resources (i.e. other software entities it depends on to implement its functionalities), including capabilities and QoS of resources. † Decide whether to contribute its capabilities to others (i.e. to offer its services to others). † Decide on how to use the resources most appropriately.Definition 1: An AC is a software entity independently deployed in the environment and reusable by third parties. † The accomplishments of its functionality and quality properties depend on the internal data, associated operations and external resources, where external resources are loosely coupled with it and are capable of replying to its requests for services. † It can evaluate the use of the external resources on the satisfactions of its functional and quality requirements. † It can make decisions by itself on the use of its internal data, operations and external resources for achieving and improving its functional and quality objectives.Act = {a | a = ksig a , pre-condi, post-condi, s-listl}