Dye Removal from Colored Textile Wastewater by Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer: Operational Parameters and Isotherm Studies

Abstract

Dye Removal from Colored Textile Wastewater by Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimer: Operational Parameters and Isotherm StudiesThis paper deals with the removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions by poly (propylene imine) dendrimer (PPI). Direct red 80 (DR80), Acid Green 25 (AG25), Acid Blue 7 (AB7), and Direct Red 23 (DR23) were used as model dyes. The effects of operational parameters on dye removal such as dendrimer concentration, dye concentration, salt (inorganic anions), and pH have been studied at 258C. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were investigated. In addition, dye desorption of dendrimer was studied. The results indicated that acidic pH supported the adsorption of dyes by dendrimer. Furthermore studies of dye concentration and salt effects exhibited that dye removal percentage by dendrimer was decreased. It was found that the isotherm data of DR80, AG25, and DR23 followed Langmuir isotherm and isotherm data of AB7 followed Freundlich isotherm models. Desorption tests showed that maximum dye releasing of 76.5% for DR80, 84.5% for AG25, 87% for AB7, and 93% for DR23 were achieved in aqueous solution at pH 12. Based on the data of present study, one could conclude that the dendrimer being an environmentally friendly adsorbent with relatively large adsorption capacity might be a suitable alternative for elimination of dyes from colored textile wastewater. IntroductionDyes make our world beautiful, but they bring pollution. Synthetic dyes are present in many spheres of our everyday life and their application is continuously growing. Organic synthetic dyes have been widely used as colorants in different industries such as textile, paper, color photography, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, etc. [1]. More than 0.7 million tons of organic synthetic dyes are produced annually worldwide. In addition, over 10 000 different dyes and pigments have been applied in those industries. Studies indicated that approximately 15% of produced synthetic dyes per year have been lost during manufacturing and processing operations that involve the production and handling with many organic compounds hazardous to living organisms [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Dendrimers are a class of macromolecules characterized by a highly branched structure of great regularity, a compact shape, a large number of (reactive) end groups, and room between the branches for taking up guest molecules. In dendrimers synthesis many chemical pathways can be followed, but there are two general strategies. In divergent route [20] the dendrimers is built up from a central polyfunctional core. In a repeated reaction cycle, the building blocks are added layer by layer. Each next cycle led to a higher generation of dendrimer. In the convergent synthesis [21] first complete wedges (dendrons) are prepared, which are subsequently coupled to a central core. Dendrimers have low toxicity and immunogenicity [22]. Some properties of dendrimers provide a wide range of biological applications, e.g., as carriers for cytostatic agents, gene therapy...

Study of the effectiveness of the third generation polyamideamine and polypropylene imine dendrimers in removal of reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solutions

“…These groups produce hydrogen at acidic pH. Generally, an increase in the pH leads to a decrease in the sites in the positively charged dendrimer and thus, a decrease in the dye removal efficiency (19,20). In general for anionic dyes, adsorption capacity increases by reducing the pH of the solution while it is reverse for cationic dyes (20).…”

“…In the study of Ghaneian et al on the effect of adsorption of the Russian knapweed flower powderon the removal of RB19, the results showed that by increasing the adsorbent dose from 0.2 to 0.6 g/100 mL, removal efficiency increased from 72% to 82% (16). In a study by Hayati et al, G2 PPI dendrimer was used for the removal of dyes from textile wastewater, and the results indicated that increasing concentrations of dendrimers leads to increased dye removal and the optimal dendrimer concentration was 1.8 g/L (19). In another study on the adsorption of reactive red 198 by titanium dioxide nanoparticles, by increasing the adsorbent concentration, the adsorption efficiency of dye increased and the optimal adsorbent dosage was reported 1 g/L (25), which are consistent with the results reported by Yiyun and Jiepin (22).…”

Synthesis of amine-modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ultrasound-assisted dye removal and modeling

“…However, the prominent role of ultrasound power on rapid uptake and quick establishment of equilibrium cannot be ignored. The efficiency of ultrasonic power in wastewater treatment could be due to hydrodynamic and thermal processes of acoustic cavitation which accelerate chemical process [53,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. It can be seen that the ultrasound-assisted approach greatly reduced the extraction time from 60 min to 15 min and can be concluded that this method is faster and more efficient than magnetic stirrer assisted method.…”

Removal of a common textile dye, navy blue (NB), from aqueous solutions by combined process of coagulation–flocculation followed by adsorption

“…Due to these harmful effects, the colored wastewaters must be appropriately treated before discharging into the water resources and ecosystem. Several processes including coagulation-flocculation, electro-coagulation, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes (O 3 /H 2 O 2 , H 2 O 2 /UV and photo-catalysis), flotation, membrane techniques (ultra-filtration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis), and biological degradation have been successfully applied for dyes removal from wastewaters [5,6,10,11,[13][14][15]. Despite a series of advantages, there are some disadvantages and limitations such as low removal efficiency, great electrical energy requirement, and high-cost operation for the various dye treatment methods [4,16].…”