Dye-Modified Metal–Organic Framework as a Recyclable Luminescent Sensor for Nicotine Determination in Urine Solution and Living Cell

Abstract

A water-stable and pH-independent sensor for qualitative and quantitative detection of nicotine in urine solution and living cell was successfully developed. This material, named MB@UiO-66-NH 2 , can be synthesized by encapsulating methylene blue (MB) with a well-known metal−organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH 2 through a simple impregnation method. The fluorescence intensity of the system was significantly enhanced when a certain amount of nicotine was added. In the meanwhile, MB is reduced by reductive nicotine to form leucomethylene blue (LB). The proposed sensor displayed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward nicotine with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.98 μM, which is comparable or even better than that of the electrochemistry detecting methods for nicotine. The obvious enhancement and blue shift of the emission arise from the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from LB to the UiO-66-NH 2 . The photophysical properties and the sensing applications of MB@ UiO-66-NH 2 suggest that this composite can be acted as a sensitive, selective, recyclable, and fluorogenic sensor for nicotine determination in urine solution and living cell.

Metal‐Organic Frameworks‐Based Fluorescent Nanocomposites for Bioimaging in Living Cells and in vivo†

“…Zhan and co‐ workers have encapsulated methylene blue (MB) into UiO‐66‐NH 2 MOFs to visualize nicotine in living cells. [ 43 ] Fe‐MOF‐5‐NH 2 with folic acid (FA) and fluorescein dye, 5‐FAM could target cancer cells through fluorescence imaging. [ 44 ] In addition, Near‐infrared fluorescent dyes such as cyanine dyes encapsulated into MOFs can be used not only for in vitro and in vivo imaging, but also for cancer treatment.…”

Femtomolar and locus-specific detection of N6-methyladenine in DNA by integrating double-hindered replication and nucleic acid-functionalized MB@Zr-MOF

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of new organic/inorganic porous materials with high porosity, large surface area, and multiple functionalities [ 26 – 28 ]. Particularly, Zr-MOF with negative surface potential is an ideal carrier for adsorbing massive amounts of cationic tags such as methylene blue (MB), which is capable of enhancing its analysis sensibility [ 29 – 31 ]. On the other hand, thanks to the existence of Zr-P bond, Zr-MOF easily links to DNA strands [ 32 ].…”

ZnO Tips Dotted with Au Nanoparticles—Advanced SERS Determination of Trace Nicotine

“…To date, fluorescence [ 17 ], liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [ 18 ], gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [ 19 ], electrochemistry [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], electro-chemiluminescence [ 23 ], flow injection analysis [ 24 ] and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 25 , 26 ] have been explored as nicotine assays. As an example, GC-MS as a standard method for detecting e-liquid has been adopted in the laboratory [ 27 ].…”