Dye and Calcium Ascent in Dogwood Trees

Thomas, William A.

doi:10.1104/pp.42.12.1800

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The results reported here do not conflict with the hypothesis that xylem functions as an ion exchange column for calcium (1,16). The 45Ca contained in foliage during the second and third growing seasons had to be transported in xylem when growth commenced in the spring, 12 and 24 months after stem inoculation.…”

Section: Six Months After Inoculation the Branches Contained 571 %±supporting

confidence: 46%

“…The relatively constant percentage contribution of xylem to total stem radiocalcium during successive seasons suggests replacement of 45Ca from lower levels in the stem. The change in radiocalcium content with increasing height in the stem, as shown in another study (16), was not determined because branches within 1 m above the site of inoculation on all trees undoubtedly influenced the distribution of 45Ca.…”

Section: Six Months After Inoculation the Branches Contained 571 %±mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Retention of Calcium-45 by Dogwood Trees

Thomas

1970

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Six Months After Inoculation the Branches Contained 571 %±supporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Six Months After Inoculation the Branches Contained 571 %±mentioning

confidence: 95%

Retention of Calcium-45 by Dogwood Trees

Thomas

1970

Plant Physiol.

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“…Good evidence exists that the long-range transport into the shoot is influenced by adsorption processes, antagonistic effects, the formation of complexes, and the physiological state of the plant (e.g. : Bradfield, 1976;Dambrine et al, 1993;Ferguson, 1980;G01pen et al, 1993;Isermann, 1969Isermann, , 1978Thomas, 1967Thomas, , 1969Tttrk et al, 1993;Wieneke, 1969Wieneke, , 1974Wieneke and Ftihr, 1973). Evidence for displacement of bivalent cations from the cell walls in roots has been reported in several studies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring uptake and contents of Mg, Ca and K in Norway spruce as influenced by pH and Al, using microprobe analysis and stable isotope labelling

1995

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In a model system using intact spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) we followed the path of magnesium, calcium and potassium during uptake into the root and during long-range transport into the shoot, by multiple stable isotope labelling. The roots of two-and three-year-old spruce trees originating from soil culture were removed from the soil and, in part or in toto, exposed to labelling solutions containing the stable isotopes 25Mg or 26Mg, 41K and 42Ca or 44Ca. Optical-emission-spectroscopy (ICP-OES) of plant fractions and labelling solutions was combined with the quantitative analysis of stable isotope ratios in sections of shock frozen, cryosubstituted material using the laser-microprobe-mass-analyser (LAMMA). This combination allowed us to distinguish, both in bulk samples and on the cellular level between (i) the fraction of elements originally present in the plant before the start of the labelling, (ii) the material taken up from the labelling solution into the plant and (iii) any material released by the plant into the labelling solution.In single-root labelling experiments, roots of three-year-old spruce trees, grown in nursery soil, were exposed to various pH conditions. The exchange of Mg and Ca with the labelling solution was nearly 100% in the cell walls of the mycorrhized finest roots. This exchange was only slightly affected by a step down to pH 3.5. The absolute Mg and Ca content in the cell walls was moderately reduced by incubation at pH 3.5 and strongly reduced in the presence of A1 at this pH. After a pH 3.5 and 2 mM AI treatment we found AI in the xylem cell walls and the cortex cell lumina at elevated concentrations. To analyse the combined effect of high AI and high proton concentrations on the long-range transport, we used a "split-root system". The root mass of an intact two-year-old spruce tree, grown in mineral soil, was divided into even parts and both halves incubated in solutions with two sets of different stable isotopes of Mg and Ca (side A: no A1, 25Mg and 42Ca; side B: +A1, 26Mg and 44Ca) and 41K on both sides. We observed a large uptake of Mg, Ca and K into the plant and a pronounced release. The net uptake of all three elements was lower from the Al-doted solution. In cross-sections of the apical shoot we found after a seven-day labelling period about 60-70% of the Mg and Ca and 30% of the K content in the xylem cell walls originating from both labelling solutions. The clear majority of the Mg and Ca label originated from the Al-doted side.

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“…Since Ca [ext] is largely restricted to uptake via the root tips through apoplastic pathway (White and Broadley, 2003), any disturbance in root development results in limited Ca uptake and nutrition (Kirkby and Pilbeam, 1984). Second, although Ca movement in the xylem through the apoplastic pathway largely follows the transpiration stream (Biddulph et al, 1961;Thomas, 1967;Kirkby and Pilbeam, 1984;White and Broadley, 2003), in continuous high humidity and low evaporative demand, which reduce transpiration, its movement is more dependent on root pressure water flow (Bradfield and Guttridge, 1979;Kirkby and Pilbeam, 1984;Mengel and Kirkby, 1987). Reduced water availability to the growing microplants in minimal growth medium combined with poor root development in continuous high humidity and low evaporative demand might have upset the root pressure water flow, thereby limiting the Ca nutrition in potato microplants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The role of calcium nutrition in potato (Solanum tuberosum) microplants in relation to minimal growth over prolonged storage in vitro

Sarkar

Pandey

Chanemougasoundharam

2005

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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The present study investigated the effect of different levels of Ca [ext] (0.3, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.0 mM) on potato over minimal growth in vitro in relation to varying water stress levels and moisture vapour transmission regimes using 45 Ca as an isotopic tracer. Ca nutrition was substantially limited when the microplants were grown at enhanced water stress level (MS + 40 g l )1 sucrose + 20 g l )1 mannitol) under minimal growth. Ca [ext] in excess of standard level (3.0 mM), however, resulted in a significant increase in Ca content in microplants. The differential Ca uptake in microplants in relation to water stress and moisture vapour transmission has been discussed in terms of transpiration stream and root pressure water flow under minimal growth. The study showed that poor microplant quality at standard Ca [ext] over prolonged storage under minimal growth was due to limiting Ca nutrition, and this could be improved by using Ca [ext] -enriched (5.0-7.0 mM) minimal growth medium for conservation of potato microplants. The role of high Ca [ext] in reducing the phenotypic abnormalities such as vitrification, flaccidity, hyperhydricity, etc. in potato microplants over extended storage under minimal growth has also been discussed.

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Dye and Calcium Ascent in Dogwood Trees

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Retention of Calcium-45 by Dogwood Trees

Retention of Calcium-45 by Dogwood Trees

Monitoring uptake and contents of Mg, Ca and K in Norway spruce as influenced by pH and Al, using microprobe analysis and stable isotope labelling

The role of calcium nutrition in potato (Solanum tuberosum) microplants in relation to minimal growth over prolonged storage in vitro

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