Dyadic disturbances in cocaine-abusing mothers and their infants

Burns, Kayreen A.; Chethik, Leigh; Burns, William J.; Clark, Robert C.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199103)47:2<316::aid-jclp2270470220>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 90 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Saline and cocaine dams received SC injections twice daily throughout gestation (CD [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], at approximately 0900 and 1630 h, of normal saline or 15 mg/kg of cocaine hydrogen chloride (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) dissolved in distilled water. Surrogates received no treatment during gestation.…”

Section: Methods General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cocaine exposure affects social behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats

Johns

Noonan

1995

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Children prenatally exposed to cocaine are reported to exhibit inappropriate social behavior, including aggression. We have recently observed a similar phenomenon in rats prenatally exposed to cocaine. Pregnant females were injected twice daily with 15 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride or saline on gestation days l-20. Offspring were tested for social behavior towards two unfamiliar, untreated rats of the same age and sex. Cocaine-treated males (90 PND) took longer to reciprocate contact and cocaine-treated females (60 PND) spent more time rough grooming unfamiliar females. Male cocaine offspring (180 PND) tested for aggression exhibited an increased frequency and duration and decreased latency to chase an intruder. ACTH was lower in cocaine-treated males (150-180 PND) following plus-maze exposure or exposure to an unfamiliar male. Our data indicate that prenatal cocaine treatment in rats increases fear or aggression responses, dependent on sex and stimulus situation. KeywordsCocaine; Prenatal; Development; Social behavior; Aggression; ACTH; HPA axisThe Alarming rise of cocaine abuse among pregnant women has promoted much concern over the potential behavioral effects on prenatally exposed neonates and infants (4,20). Offspring of mothers that have abused cocaine during pregnancy have exhibited signs of increased irritability and altered state lability as newborns (2,3). Research has also shown that young children prenatally exposed to cocaine are somewhat aggressive, show poor social attachment, and display abnormal play behavior in unstructured environments (7,18). These data are suggestive of a cocaine-induced, abnormal development of socioemotional behavior. However, mothers who have abused cocaine during pregnancy have been shown to bond poorly to their infants (1), making it difficult to determine if the origin of these deficits occur as a direct result of cocaine acting on the developing fetus, being raised in an unstable or abusive environment in which parental drug abuse may be prevalent, or a combination thereof.Recent animal research on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure has begun to focus on behaviors that appear to be similar to the behaviors exhibited by human offspring prenatally exposed to cocaine. Rodent studies suggest that offspring exposed prenatally to cocaine exhibit signs of behavioral abnormalities including increased "emotionality" and neophobia (5,8), and aggression towards an intruder (9). Though these studies employed cross-fostered Copyright © 1995 offspring, another recent study found that untreated offspring fostered to cocaine-treated mothers also displayed higher levels of shock-elicited aggression (6), suggesting a possible postnatal environmental influence.Based on the previous findings of abnormal behavioral responses of fear and aggression in male rats upon reaching puberty or adulthood, respectively (8,9), the present study was undertaken to determine if these kinds of behaviors changes were task or sex related. We hypothesized that the appearance of the behaviors w...

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Section: Methods General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cocaine exposure affects social behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats

Johns

Noonan

1995

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…A study of dyadic disturbances in cocaineabusing mothers and their babies noted a tack of reciprocity and mutual enjoyment in their relationship. Mothers showed less social initiative and resourcefulness, and the babies had less positive affect than found in a standardized control group of mothers and infants (Burns, Chethik, Burns & Clark, 1991). Attentive, perceptive caregivers are needed for infants whose prenatal exposure to drugs may have created problems in their ability to regulate arousal and activity.…”

Section: Drug Affected Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers in permanency planning for medically fragile children: Drug affected children and HIV infected children

Groze

Haines-Simeon²,

Barth

1994

Child Adolesc Soc Work J

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This article discusses the problems of medically fragile children, drug affected and/or HIV infected. Passage of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 markedly increased the number of these children in foster care. The specific barriers to permanency planning for this group of children are discussed and include interviews with staff people, review of the literature and integration of material from pilot studies of families fostering and adopting children with HIV.The passage of P.L. 96-272, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980, established a national policy affecting permanency initiatives for children in the foster care system and those at risk of entrance into the Child Welfare System. The legislation emphasized, in order of preference, preservation of the family at risk of disintegration, reunification of children with the biological family if children are in out-of-home care, promotion of adoption if reunification cannot be achieved, guardianship, and long-term foster care. Child welfare service providers were legally mandated to provide effective and timely permanency planning of these options. The passage of this legislation had particular relevance for children with special needs. The

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“…A history of substance abuse has been associated with poor maternal-infant interactions (Bauman & Dougherty, 1983;Bays, 1990;Howard, Beckwith, Espinosa, & Tyler, 1995;Johnson & Rosen, 1990), as well as inadequate social support systems and low self-esteem and maternal ego development (Fineman, Beckwith, Howard, & Espinosa, 1997;Williams-Petersen et al, 1994). Specifically, maternal cocaine abuse during pregnancy has been correlated with a greater incidence of maternal neglect (Kelly, Walsh, & Thompson, 1992), problems with maternal-infant bonding (Burns, Chethik, Burns, & Clark, 1991), and child abuse in the human population (Murphy et al, 1991). A relatively recent study found that women who had taken cocaine during pregnancy had more difficulty interacting with their infants and expressed subtle hostility during feeding and play periods as compared to nondrug-abusing women (Goldman-Fraser, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deficits in plasma oxytocin responses and increased negative affect, stress, and blood pressure in mothers with cocaine exposure during pregnancy

Light

Grewen

Amico

et al. 2004

Addictive Behaviors

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In animals, oxytocin enhances maternal behavior and lowers blood pressure (BP) and negative affect, while parturitional cocaine disrupts oxytocin activity and increases maternal neglect and aggression. Thus, we compared oxytocin, BP, maternal behavior, and affect in mothers of infants who used cocaine (cocaine, n = 10) or did not (no drug, n = 25) during pregnancy. Laboratory BP and circulating oxytocin, catecholamines, and cortisol were examined before and during a speech stressor on 2 days, with vs. without prestress baby holding. Ambulatory monitoring assessed BP, urinary norepinephrine, and cortisol for 24 h at home. The cocaine group had lower oxytocin levels, greater hostility and depressed mood, less support from others and mastery over life events, higher BP during all events of testing without the baby, and higher ambulatory BP and urinary norepinephrine at home, while cortisol and epinephrine responses were blunted. Although they tended to hold their babies less often at home, baby holding in the laboratory led to decreased BP in cocaine mothers who then did not differ from no-drug mothers in BP or observed affect.

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Dyadic disturbances in cocaine-abusing mothers and their infants

Cited by 90 publications

References 7 publications

Prenatal cocaine exposure affects social behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats

Prenatal cocaine exposure affects social behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats

Barriers in permanency planning for medically fragile children: Drug affected children and HIV infected children

Deficits in plasma oxytocin responses and increased negative affect, stress, and blood pressure in mothers with cocaine exposure during pregnancy

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