Dyadic associations between COVID‐19‐related stress and mental well‐being among parents and children in Hong Kong: An actor–partner interdependence model approach

Chan, Randolph C. H.

doi:10.1111/famp.12760

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Fifth, because some schools indicated that COVID-19–related items may bring stress to students, we did not include these items in our survey, which made us unable to discuss the potential contribution of the COVID-19 pandemic to mental well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic has been reported to have associations with youth mental well-being . Sixth, owing to the large size of the sample, variables could more easily attain statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Factors Associated With Mental Well-Being Among Chinese Youths at Individual, School, and Province Levels

et al. 2023

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ImportanceAlthough rapid urbanization in China provided improved economic prosperity and educational opportunities, it was associated with increased internalizing and externalizing problems among youths, with negative outcomes for mental well-being. Previous studies suggested that factors in individual, school, and regional levels were associated with mental well-being, and comprehensively examining these factors may provide evidence for policies for improving youth mental health.ObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with mental well-being at individual, school, and province levels among Chinese youths.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data collected December 1, 2021, to January 1, 2022, from schools in China. Among 435 schools, 144 institutions had primary school students, 107 institutions had middle school students, 95 institutions had primary and middle school students, and 89 institutions had high school students. A total of 398 520 students were included.ExposuresCharacteristics at individual, school, and province levels.Main outcomes and measuresThe main outcome was mental well-being, assessed by the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate individual, school, and regional disparities in mental well-being among youths.ResultsThere were 398 520 participants (194 460 females [48.80%]; mean [SD; range] age, 13.78 [2.40; 9-20] years). At the school level, 352 443 students (88.44%) were in public school and 291 354 students (73.11%) were in urban schools. Drinking (coefficient = −1.08; 95% CI, −1.12 to −1.05; P &lt; .001), smoking (coefficient = −0.89; 95% CI, −0.96 to −0.83; P &lt; .001), and increased age (coefficient per 1-year increase in age = −0.02; 95% CI, −0.03 to −0.01; P &lt; .001) were associated with worse mental well-being. Male sex (coefficient = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.04; P &lt; .001), being in a 1-child family (coefficient = 0.17; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.20; P &lt; .001), being in the Han group (coefficient vs other ethnic groups = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.26; P &lt; .001), a higher frequency and coverage of psychological courses (eg, ≥2/wk for all students vs none: coefficient = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.69; P = .003), and a higher level of self-rated popularity in school (coefficient per 1-unit increase in score = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.89; P &lt; .001) were associated with improved mental well-being. However, age (eg, age and 1 courses/2 wk for all students: coefficient per 1-year increase in age = −0.047; 95% CI, −0.089 to −0.005; P = .03) and sex (eg, female sex and ≥2 courses/wk for some students: coefficient = −0.184; 95% CI, −0.323 to −0.046; P = .009) had interactions with the association between psychological courses and mental well-being.Conclusions and relevanceThis study found that social disparities in mental well-being existed and that various factors at different levels were associated with mental well-being among Chinese youths. These findings suggest that public mental health programs may be recommended for associated improvements in regional disparities in mental health resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Factors Associated With Mental Well-Being Among Chinese Youths at Individual, School, and Province Levels

et al. 2023

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“…To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Hong Kong government implemented social restrictions such as school closure and “no dine-in” measures (e.g., The Standard, 2022 ). In the face of social restrictions, disrupted child and family routines, reduced work-life balance, reduced family support (e.g., babysitters), scarcity of sanitizing products, unemployment, and financial burden (e.g., Freisthler et al, 2021 ; Yuen et al, 2020 ), local parents were particularly vulnerable to stress, resulting in worse mental health (Chan, 2022 ). Therefore, replication studies are needed to examine the effects of NL-MBP when most parents are no longer experiencing the stress brought by the pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Parental Well-being: Initial Efficacy of a 21-Day Online Self-help Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Parents

Cheung

Chan²,

Chui

et al. 2022

Mindfulness

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Objectives Parental self-care is extremely important in the face of stress throughout parenthood. A 21-day online mindfulness-based intervention was developed that was aimed at enhancing parental well-being. The present study evaluated this intervention by examining its initial efficacy on parents’ mindfulness, parenting stress, subjective well-being, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods Participants were 273 parents (90.11% mothers) who were randomly assigned to the 21-day mindfulness-based intervention group (n = 136) or waitlist control group (n = 137). Pre-intervention assessment, immediate post-intervention assessment, and 30-day follow-up assessment were conducted to assess parents’ mindfulness, parenting stress, subjective well-being, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results Linear mixed models indicated that the group × time effects on subjective well-being, anxiety symptoms, and mindfulness were significant, after controlling for sex, age, education, income, habit of mindfulness practice, hours of weekly mindfulness practice, and diagnostic history of psychiatric disorder. Follow-up analyses indicated that compared to baseline, participants from the intervention group reported significantly greater subjective well-being and mindfulness, and fewer symptoms of anxiety than did those from the waitlist control group. The group × time effects on parenting stress and depressive symptoms were non-significant. Exploratory findings further suggested practicality and perceived acceptability of the intervention. Conclusions This study showed initial efficacy of a 21-day online mindfulness-based intervention on parents’ subjective well-being, anxiety symptoms, and mindfulness. The findings inform researchers and practitioners about the utility of a brief mindfulness-based intervention in promotion parental well-being. Other areas of feasibility warrant future investigation.

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“…This challenges the finding that individuals living alone reported feeling lonelier during COVID-19 ( Luchetti et al, 2020 ). Such a finding shows that co-residence during COVID-19 is complex and requires a more nuanced understanding ( Chan, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between co-residence and loneliness during COVID-19 among sexual minority people in Hong Kong

Suen

Chan

Wong

2022

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Research has identified that loneliness during COVID-19 is associated with co-residence status, and individuals living alone were more likely to report loneliness. However, it may not apply to sexual minority people as those living with their family may experience different sexual orientation-related stressors. Aims: This study aims to (1) understand the pattern of living arrangement and loneliness among sexual minority people during COVID-19, (2) examine parental acceptance, family conflict and loneliness among sexual minority people with different living arrangements and (3) investigate the association between parental acceptance and loneliness among sexual minority people with different living arrangements during COVID-19. Method: An online survey with 1,457 Hong Kong sexual minority people was conducted. Results: Sexual minority people living with their partner(s) were less likely to report loneliness. Concurrently, those living with their parent(s) showed a similar level of loneliness as those who lived alone. Living with parent(s) during COVID-19 does not necessarily alleviate feelings of loneliness among them, which we argue may be due to parental unacceptance of their sexual orientation. Nearly half of the respondents stated that their parent(s) were unaccepting of their sexual orientation and 41.8% of them indicated an increase in family conflict during COVID-19. For those living with their parent(s), parental unacceptance is related to more family conflict during COVID-19, which in turn is associated with higher levels of loneliness. Conclusions: Not living with unaccepting parents may reduce family conflict and feelings of loneliness, but this has not been the case for many respondents from a city with high population density and cost of living. Social and mental health service providers need to come up with timely and appropriate interventions to address the unique needs faced by sexual minority people during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Dyadic associations between COVID‐19‐related stress and mental well‐being among parents and children in Hong Kong: An actor–partner interdependence model approach

Cited by 9 publications

References 64 publications

Assessment of Factors Associated With Mental Well-Being Among Chinese Youths at Individual, School, and Province Levels

Assessment of Factors Associated With Mental Well-Being Among Chinese Youths at Individual, School, and Province Levels

Enhancing Parental Well-being: Initial Efficacy of a 21-Day Online Self-help Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Parents

Association between co-residence and loneliness during COVID-19 among sexual minority people in Hong Kong

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