DXA-derived section modulus and bone mineral content predict long-bone torsional strength

Sarin, Vineet K.; Polefka, Elizabeth G Loboa; Beaupré, Gary S.; Kiratli, B. Jenny; Carter, Dennis R.; Meulen, Marjolein C. H. van der

doi:10.3109/17453679909000962

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Tests done on excised femoral specimens supported the validity of the geometric measurements in predicting strength in vitro (15) . In addition, there have been several in vivo and in vitro studies that show that the strength of long bone shafts is predicted by the section modulus (or the cross‐sectional moment of inertia, a component of the section modulus) (42–46) . Moreover, this parameter is used widely in anthropological work and animal biology to assess bone strength differences between different animals (47) or human groups (48) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Does Body Size Account for Gender Differences in Femur Bone Density and Geometry?

Looker

Beck

Orwoll

2001

J of Bone & Mineral Res

126

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The extent to which greater bone strength in men is caused by proportionately greater bone mass versus bigger bone size is not clear, primarily because the larger overall body size of men has made direct comparisons of skeletal measures difficult. We examined gender differences in femur neck (FN) areal bone mineral density (BMD) values collected from 5623 non-Hispanic whites aged 20؉ years in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988 -1994) before and after correction for measured height and weight. We supplemented the conventional areal BMD data (Hologic QDR 1000) with measurements of areal BMD and geometric properties (subperiosteal width, section modulus, and cortical thickness) made at narrow "cross-sectional" regions traversing the FN and the proximal shaft using a structural analysis program. Before body size adjustment, men had significantly higher values than women for all variables at the three measurement sites (p < 0.0001). Adjustment for body size reduced the differences between the sexes for all variables but had a greater effect on BMD (1-8% higher in men) than on geometry (5-17% higher in men). When examined by age, the sex discrepancy was significantly greater in the older group for all variables except subperiosteal widths. We conclude that although body size difference may account for most of the areal BMD difference between men and women, male bones are still bigger in ways that suggest greater bone strength. These differences may contribute importantly to lower fracture risk in men. (J Bone Miner Res 2001;16:1291-1299)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Does Body Size Account for Gender Differences in Femur Bone Density and Geometry?

Looker

Beck

Orwoll

2001

J of Bone & Mineral Res

126

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, advanced imaging modalities provide only estimates of bone strength. These estimates were validated against a direct measure of bone strength using mechanical testing, (23,24) commonly assessed as the force required to cause a material to fail under certain loading conditions. Nikander and colleagues (25) recently conducted a systematic review that focused on the effect of targeted exercise regimens on bone strength across childhood, adulthood, and later adult life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Strength in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Tan

Macdonald

Kim

et al. 2014

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

183

145

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A preponderance of evidence from systematic reviews supports the effectiveness of weight-bearing exercises on bone mass accrual, especially during the growing years. However, only one systematic review (limited to randomized controlled trials) examined the role of physical activity (PA) on bone strength. Thus, our systematic review extended the scope of the previous review by including all PA intervention and observational studies, including organized sports participation studies, with child or adolescent bone strength as the main outcome. We also sought to discern the skeletal elements (eg, mass, structure, density) that accompanied significant bone strength changes. Our electronic-database, forward, and reference searches yielded 14 intervention and 23 observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We used the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool to assess the quality of studies. Due to heterogeneity across studies, we adopted a narrative synthesis for our analysis and found that bone strength adaptations to PA were related to maturity level, sex, and study quality. Three (of five) weight-bearing PA intervention studies with a strong rating reported significantly greater gains in bone strength for the intervention group (3% to 4%) compared with only three significant (of nine) moderate intervention studies. Changes in bone structure (eg, bone cross-sectional area, cortical thickness, alone or in combination) rather than bone mass most often accompanied significant bone strength outcomes. Prepuberty and peripuberty may be the most opportune time for boys and girls to enhance bone strength through PA, although this finding is tempered by the few available studies in more mature groups. Despite the central role that muscle plays in bones' response to loading, few studies discerned the specific contribution of muscle function (or surrogates) to bone strength. Although not the focus of the current review, this seems an important consideration for future studies.

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“…Methods for predicting bone strength in vivo are also being developed. They also use DXA and QCT to look at the size of the bones and at the bone mineral distribution in a cross-section (Petersen et al 1996;Cody et al 1999;Sarin et al 1999).…”

Section: Target Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers in disease and health

Branca

Hanley²,

Pool-Zobel

et al. 2001

Br J Nutr

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DXA-derived section modulus and bone mineral content predict long-bone torsional strength

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Does Body Size Account for Gender Differences in Femur Bone Density and Geometry?

Does Body Size Account for Gender Differences in Femur Bone Density and Geometry?

Influence of Physical Activity on Bone Strength in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis

Biomarkers in disease and health

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