DXA, bioelectrical impedance, ultrasonography and biometry for the estimation of fat and lean mass in cats during weight loss

Borges, Naída Cristina; Vasconcellos, Ricardo Souza; Carciofí, Aulus Cavalieri; Gonçalves, Karina Nogueira Venturelli; Paula, Francisco José Albuquerque de; Filho, D. E. Faria; Canola, J. C.

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-111

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The most commonly used systems are the 5-point and 9-point scales, with the use of one over the other in clinical practice being based on personal preference (Laflamme 1997;Thatcher et al 2000;Zoran 2009). Body fat percentage estimated using the 9-point BCS scale is repeatable and correlates well with body fat measured by DEXA (Laflamme 1997;German et al 2006;Bjornvad et al 2011;Borges et al 2012). BCS systems do not provide an assessment of muscle mass, and so muscle catabolism may not be recognised if muscle mass is not also assessed (Baldwin et al 2010;Michel et al 2011).…”

Section: Body Condition and Muscle Mass Scoring Systemsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Measurement of subcutaneous fat using ultrasound appears to correlate well with results of DEXA and is easy and simple to perform, with the equipment often available in clinical practice (Munday 1994;Borges et al 2012). However, this method is not validated for determining body composition in cats (Zoran 2009;Borges et al 2012). …”

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Ultrasonography can be used to monitor changes in body composition through measurement of the subcutaneous fat layer thickness (Borges et al 2012). Measurement of subcutaneous fat using ultrasound appears to correlate well with results of DEXA and is easy and simple to perform, with the equipment often available in clinical practice (Munday 1994;Borges et al 2012).…”

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Tarkosova¹,

Story²,

Rand³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:Obesity is recognised as the most common multifactorial nutritional disorder of pet cats. Studies from several countries have indicated that between 11.5% and 63% of cats are overweight or obese. Breed, age, sex, reproductive status, the pet-owner relationship, owners' perceptions of their cats' body condition, type of diet, frequency of feeding, and environment have all been identified as potential risk factors for the development of obesity in cats. Obesity has significant implications for feline health and welfare as it has mechanical and metabolic effects and can predispose cats to conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hepatic lipidosis, lameness, oral cavity disease, urinary tract disease, dermatological disease, and neoplasia. An important aspect of preventing and managing obesity is the evaluation of body condition to determine ideal body weight and to formulate an appropriate weight loss plan. Several methods have been developed for this purpose. This review uses recent scientific literature to discuss various aspects of feline obesity, including its prevalence, proposed risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions, and methods of assessment.Keywords: overweight; obese; body condition; cat List of abbreviations BCS = body condition score, CT = computed tomography, DEXA = dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, MMS = muscle mass scoring, QMR = quantitative magnetic resonance

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Section: Body Condition and Muscle Mass Scoring Systemsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Ultrasonographymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Tarkosova¹,

Story²,

Rand³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med.

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, in this study, changes in amounts of SAT and VAT, adipocyte size, and numbers were only visually evaluated. More refined quantitative studies employing direct measurement of adipocytes ( 45 ), BIA ( 65 ), DEXA ( 66 ), or special calculations to measure SAT and VAT volumes ( 67 ) on controlled subjects should be performed in the future. In human medicine, a combination of CT scanning and body fat analysis software is often utilized to measure body fat in MS management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Visceral Fat Accumulation and Metabolome Markers among Cats of Varying BCS and Novel Classification of Feline Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2017

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As in humans, obesity and its associated diseases represent the most significant threat to the health of veterinary populations. Previous human studies have provided insights into the risk factors of obesity, complex pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases, and their life-threatening consequences. In humans, the “metabolic syndrome” represents a cluster of metabolic risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Risk factors for metabolic syndrome, such as diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and its complications increase health-care utilization and medical expenses. Early diagnosis and intervention through preemptive approach is in need, and the new International Diabetes Federation definition of MS serves as the universally accepted diagnostic tool that is accessible in clinical settings. In veterinary populations, especially in cats, similar pathophysiological path and disease progression to the development of MS, such as adipokine dysregulations, chronic inflammation, lipotoxicity, are expected. The aim of this manuscript is twofold. First of all, it presents our preliminary feline obesity study that serves as the basis for discussion of obesity and its metabolic impact on feline population. In this study, we observed the effects of weight gain on energy metabolism using metabolome markers, such as adiponectin (ADN) and proinflammatory cytokines, in correlation with other common biochemical parameters in 14 clinically healthy cats of varying weight status. Further, we evaluated the visceral fat accumulation in three subjects of varying Body Condition Scores via computed tomography imaging and laparoscopic examination, and assessed the adipocyte type and size histologically. Mutually antagonizing changes in ADN and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reflected the pathophysiological derangements leading to MS earlier than the common biochemical predictors such as glucose, liver values, and lipid markers. Second, it proposes the novel diagnostic and classification method of feline obesity and MS, based on the established diagnostic criteria of human MS and the presented study results. The results supported our novel “classification of feline obesity” and “Feline MS diagnostic criteria,” suggesting the need to complement ADN measurement with VAT volume to better understand the pathogenesis of metabolic disturbances in the feline population.

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“…The use of regression modeling to develop equations to predict outcomes or to generate points is not new [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Using a logistic regression model to develop a point system for prediction provides a relationship not only between Socialization Score and the different measures in the model but also among the different measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Behavioral Measures that Predict Cats’ Socialization in an Animal Shelter Environment during a Three Day Period

Slater

Garrison

Miller

et al. 2013

Animals

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Simple SummaryInformation from surveys completed by the cats’ caregivers provided a score for the level of socialization of cats. We examined the effectiveness of structured assessments and measures in their ability to distinguish More and Less Socialized cats in a shelter-like setting over a three day period. Statistical models were developed that best predicted More and Less Socialized cats. Measures from these models were used to calculate a point system where more points indicated more socialization. In combination with key socialized behaviors, these points were able to fairly accurately distinguish More Socialized from Less Socialized cats. AbstractAnimal welfare organizations typically take in cats with unknown levels of socialization towards humans, ranging from unsocialized cats well-socialized but lost pets. Agencies typically determine the socialization status and disposition options of cats within three days, when even a well-socialized pet may be too frightened of the unfamiliar surroundings to display its typical behavior. This is the third part of a three-phase project to develop and evaluate a reliable and valid tool to predict cats’ socialization levels. We recruited cats from the full spectrum of socialization and, using information from the cats’ caregivers regarding typical behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar people, assigned each cat to a Socialization Category. This information was compared to the cats’ behavior during three days of structured assessments conducted in a shelter-like setting. The results of logistic regression modeling generated two models using assessments from the mornings of the second and third day, focusing on predicting shyer or more aloof but socialized cats. Using the coefficients from each of these models, two sets of points were calculated which were useful in differentiating More and Less Socialized cats. In combination with key socialized behaviors, these points were able to fairly accurately identify More and Less Socialized cats.

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DXA, bioelectrical impedance, ultrasonography and biometry for the estimation of fat and lean mass in cats during weight loss

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Comparison of Visceral Fat Accumulation and Metabolome Markers among Cats of Varying BCS and Novel Classification of Feline Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Physical and Behavioral Measures that Predict Cats’ Socialization in an Animal Shelter Environment during a Three Day Period

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