“…Bone strength is not only influenced by bone mineral density (BMD) but also by bone geometry (13). Several DXA-based variables other than BMD can predict fracture risk in elderly subjects such as bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), crosssectional area (CSA) of the femoral neck, compressive strength index (CSI), bending strength index (BSI), impact strength index (ISI) and trabecular bone score (TBS) (14,15). In order to maintain healthy bones, adequate serum vitamin D levels should be maintained (16).…”