Dwarfs and Giants: Cannibalism and Competition in Size-Structured Populations

Claessen,; Roos, André M. de; Persson, Ingmar

doi:10.2307/3078944

Cited by 125 publications

(331 citation statements)

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“…Models based on super-individuals can include more empirical realism in individual and spatial variation, compared with physiologically structured population models and stage-structured biomass models. Both allow for taking into account the intricate and sometimes non-intuitive effects of ontogenetic development on food web dynamics (e.g., Claessen et al 2000). Also trait-based models can be classified as individual-based.…”

Section: Leading Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2); 3-D: 3-dimensional Jørgensen 1995Jørgensen , 1999Zhang et al 2010). Another modelling line that developed separately was that of physiologically structured models (Metz and Diekmann 1992;De Roos et al 1992;De Roos and Persson 2001) with applications to zooplankton (e.g., Hülsmann et al 2005) and fish (e.g., Claessen et al 2000), and super-individual models, especially for zooplankton , fish and macrophytes (Van Nes et al 2003). Yet another development is the use of evolutionary algorithms and neural network models Chan et al 2007;Recknagel et al 2006) and of fuzzy logic in lake ecosystem models (Ibelings et al 2003).…”

Section: Lake Ecosystem Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches

et al. 2010

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A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such challenge is to avoid developing more models largely following the concept of others ('reinventing the wheel'). The other challenge is to avoid focusing on only one type of model, while ignoring new and diverse approaches that have become available ('having tunnel vision'). In this paper, we aim at improving the awareness of existing models and knowledge of concurrent approaches in lake ecosystem modelling, without covering all possible model tools and avenues. First, we present a broad variety of modelling approaches. To illustrate these approaches, we give brief descriptions of rather arbitrarily selected sets of specific models. We deal with static models (steady state and regression models), complex dynamic models (CAEDYM, CE-QUAL-W2, Delft 3D-ECO, LakeMab, LakeWeb, MyLake, PCLake, PROTECH, SALMO), structurally dynamic models and minimal dynamic models. We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: superindividual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and traitbased models. We briefly mention genetic algorithms, neural networks, Kalman filters and fuzzy logic. Thereafter, we zoom in, as an in-depth example, on the multi-decadal development and application of the lake ecosystem model PCLake and related models (PCLake Metamodel, Lake Shira Model, IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake). In the discussion, we argue that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its 'leading principle', there are many opportunities for combining approaches. We take the point of view that a single 'right' approach does not exist and should not be strived for. Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems. We end with a set of specific recommendations that may be of help in the further development of lake ecosystem models.

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Section: Leading Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lake Ecosystem Modelling Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches

et al. 2010

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“…Within lakes in which S. alpinus is the only fish species present, the largest S. alpinus may shift to cannibalism , but the extent of cannibalism can vary between individuals Svenning & Borgstrøm, 2005). Nevertheless, by controlling the growth, habitat use and abundance of smaller conspecifics, cannibalistic giants have a crucial role in trophic dynamics and ecosystem functioning (Svenning & Borgstrøm, 1995;Claessen et al, 2000;. Therefore, the overall energy flow from benthic and pelagic food webs to fish top consumers can be expected to depend strongly on the seasonal availability of these energy sources and also on the consumer population size structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Eloranta

Kahilainen

Jones

2010

Journal of Fish Biology

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Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) is a cold-adapted salmonid fish with a wide circumpolar distribution. Due to its wide fundamental trophic niche (i.e. diet and habitat use), Arctic charr can be used to study energy flow as well as competitive and predator-prey interactions in subarctic lakes. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate how the trophic niche of Arctic charr in subarctic lakes is influenced by various biotic (e.g. intra-and interspecific resource competition and predation) and abiotic (e.g. seasonality and lake morphometry) factors. Stomach contents and stable isotope analyses indicated marked between-lake and between-individual differences in Arctic charr diet and habitat use. In Saanajärvi, Arctic charr relied mainly on littoral production regardless of season or individual size, probably due to high primary production and lack of sympatric fish species in the littoral zone. In contrast, Arctic charr showed a reduced littoral reliance when the littoral trophic niche was dominated by brown trout, and an increased prevalence of piscivorous foraging when coexisting with planktivorous whitefish and benthivorous grayling. The final results from a total of 17 subarctic lakes indicated that Arctic charr shifted from littoral to a more pelagic trophic niche with increasing lake area and fish species richness. The shift of Arctic charr to a more pelagic piscivorous niche in large lakes was evidently promoted by the existence of small, planktivorous prey fish species and increased interspecific resource competition and/or predation in the littoral zone. The results demonstrate that littoral and pelagic food-web compartments in subarctic lakes can be integrated by generalist Arctic charr, but the energy flow pathways supporting this top consumer can be strongly influenced by prevailing intra-and interspecific interactions as well as by the morphometric characteristics of the lakes. The findings highlight that a comprehensive view of food-web structures is fundamental for predicting the likely responses of fish communities and subarctic lake ecosystems to potential environmental changes. Keywords: Energy flow; individual specialization; lake morphometry; littoral production; resource competition; stable isotope analysis; trophic niche. LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONSThe thesis is based on the following original articles, which will be referred to in the text by their Roman numerals I-IV. I did most of the planning for each study and contributed to field work in I, III and IV, and to laboratory analyses in all the studies. I was responsible for the data analysis and wrote the first draft of all the papers. All co-authors made a significant contribution to planning and preparation of the final papers. IV Eloranta A.P., Kahilainen K.K., Amundsen P.-A., Knudsen R., Harrod C. & Jones R.I. 2013. Lake size and fish species richness determine resource use by top consumers in subarctic lakes. Manuscript. INTRODUCTION Food webs in lakesLakes are complex ecosystems, whose functioning is tightly connecte...

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“…However, an explicit description of the age/size distribution, which naturally calls for relatively complex age/size structured models (see e.g. Bosch van den et al, 1988;Diekmann et al, 1986;Metz and Diekmann, 1986a,b,c;Briggs et al, 2000;Claessen et al, 2000), poses some problems in the derivation of the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics. In fact, as we shall see in Section 2.2, the canonical equation captures the evolutionary dynamics under the assumptions that an invading mutant generically substitutes its former resident.…”

Section: Ecological Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remarks on branching-extinction evolutionary cycles

Dercole

2003

Journal of Mathematical Biology

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Dwarfs and Giants: Cannibalism and Competition in Size-Structured Populations

Cited by 125 publications

References 32 publications

Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches

Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches

Seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in a subarctic lake

Remarks on branching-extinction evolutionary cycles

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