Dwarf tapeworm (<scp><i>H</i></scp><i>ymenolepis nana</i>): Characteristics in the <scp>N</scp>orthern <scp>T</scp>erritory 2002–2013

Willcocks, Briony; McAuliffe, Gary; Baird, Robert W.

doi:10.1111/jpc.12885

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This may be due to the fact that single-dose albendazole reduces egg counts but has a low cure rate for T. trichiura infection [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The prevalence of R. nana infection remained unchanged between the study periods, consistent with a recent analysis of infections in the NT, which showed that infections were predominantly in Aboriginal children aged under 5 years [ 31 ]. Single-dose albendazole does not appear to produce a significant cure rate for R. nana [ 28 ] and the recommended treatment, praziquantel [ 32 ], is rarely stocked in health services in rural and remote communities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Children in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory: Hookworm is Rare but Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura Persist

et al. 2017

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(1) Background: soil-transmitted helminths are a problem worldwide, largely affecting disadvantaged populations. The little data available indicates high rates of infection in some remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. Studies of helminths were carried out in the same remote community in the Northern Territory in 1994–1996 and 2010–2011; (2) Methods: fecal samples were collected from children aged <10 years and examined for helminths by direct smear microscopy. In the 2010–2011 study, some fecal samples were also analyzed by agar plate culture and PCR for Strongyloides stercoralis DNA. Serological analysis of fingerprick dried blood spots using a S. stercoralis NIE antigen was also conducted; (3) Results and Conclusions: a reduction in fecal samples positive for S. stercoralis, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura was seen between the studies in 1994–1996 and 2010–2011, likely reflecting public health measures undertaken in the region to reduce intestinal helminths. Comparison of methods to detect S. stercoralis showed that PCR of fecal samples and serological testing of dried blood spots was at least as sensitive as direct smear microscopy and agar plate culture. These methods have advantages for use in remote field studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Children in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory: Hookworm is Rare but Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura Persist

et al. 2017

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“…11 Hymenolepis nana has been associated with diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms among children. [12][13][14][15] In Mexico and Cuba, children with H. nana infection commonly had abdominal pain, anorexia, irritability, and diarrhea. 12,13 Among refugee children in Sudan, H. nana infection was associated with a 9-fold higher risk of diarrhea compared with uninfected children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hymenolepis nana Impact Among Children in the Highlands of Cusco, Peru: An Emerging Neglected Parasite Infection

Cabada¹,

Morales

López

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Hymenolepis nana is the most common cestode infection in the world. However, limited information is available regarding its impact on affected populations. We studied the epidemiology and symptoms associated with hymenolepiasis among children 3-16 years old in 16 rural communities of the highlands of the Cusco region in Peru. Information on demographics, socioeconomic status, symptoms as reported by parents, and parasitological testing was obtained from the database of an ongoing Fasciola hepatica epidemiologic study. A total of 1,230 children were included in the study. Forty-five percent were infected with at least one pathogenic intestinal parasite. Giardia spp. (22.9%) was the most common, followed by Hymenolepis (17.4%), Fasciola (14.1%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6.1%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (2%). The prevalence of Hymenolepis infection varied by community, by other parasitic infections, and by socioeconomic status. However, only years of education of the mother, use of well water, and age less than 10 years were associated with Hymenolepis infection in the multivariate analysis. Hymenolepis nana infection was associated with diarrhea, jaundice, headaches, fever, and fatigue. Children with > 500 eggs/g of stool were more likely to have symptoms of weight loss, jaundice, diarrhea, and fever. Hymenolepis nana infection and age were the only factors retained in the multivariate analysis modeling diarrhea. Hymenolepiasis is a common gastrointestinal helminth in the Cusco region and is associated with significant morbidity in children in rural communities. The impact caused by the emergence of Hymenolepis as a prevalent intestinal parasite deserves closer scrutiny.

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“…The albendazole given as part of the CCDP may still have some effect, as noted by decreases in the detection of whipworm [ 12 ] in the same population. Dwarf tapeworm ( Hymenolepis nana ), which is common, and not susceptible to albendazole, has not shown a temporal decrease in detection in the NT [ 14 ], from the same cohort, during this time period, suggesting the CCDP may possibly be associated with some additional STH reductions outside the targeted hookworm-infected population. Secondly, hospital paediatric admissions for diarrhea have reduced Australia-wide, since the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in 2006 [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Strongyloides stercoralis Faecal Larvae Detections in the Northern Territory, Australia: 2002 to 2012

et al. 2017

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Strongyloides stercoralis is a soil-transmitted helminth (STH) endemic to tropical and subtropical areas. We reviewed the temporal detection trends in patients with S. stercoralis larvae present in faecal samples, in Northern Territory (NT) Government Health facilities, between 2002 and 2012. This was a retrospective observational study of consecutive patients with microbiologically confirmed detection of S. stercoralis in faeces. The presence of anaemia, eosinophilia, polyparasitism, and geographic and demographic data, were included in the assessment. S. stercoralis larvae were present in 389 of 22,892 faecal samples (1.7%) collected across the NT over 11 years, examined by microscopy after formol ethyl acetate concentration. 97.7% of detections were in Indigenous patients. Detections, by number, occurred in a biphasic age distribution. Detections per number of faecal samples collected, were highest in the 0–5 year age group. Anaemia was present in 44.8%, and eosinophilia in 49.9% of patients. Eosinophilia was present in 65.5% of the ≤5 age group, compared to 40.8% of >5 year age (p < 0.0001). Polyparasitism was present in 31.4% of patients. There was an overall downward trend in larvae detections from 2.64% to 0.99% detections/number of faecal samples year between 2002 and 2012, consistent with the trends observed for other local STHs. S. stercoralis remains an important NT-wide pathogen.

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Dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana): Characteristics in the Northern Territory 2002–2013

Abstract: H. nana is the most frequently identified cestode (tapeworm) in NT Government health-care facilities. H. nana remains endemic throughout the NT, predominantly infecting Indigenous children less than 5 years of age.

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Children in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory: Hookworm is Rare but Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura Persist

Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Children in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory: Hookworm is Rare but Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura Persist

Hymenolepis nana Impact Among Children in the Highlands of Cusco, Peru: An Emerging Neglected Parasite Infection

Trends in Strongyloides stercoralis Faecal Larvae Detections in the Northern Territory, Australia: 2002 to 2012

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